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HMS Bellerophon (1865)

HMS Bellerophon was a central battery ironclad built for the Royal Navy in the mid-1860s.

Design and description
In this ship, designed by Sir Edward Reed, the power-to-weight ratio was increased; the long rows of guns on the broadside were replaced by a small number of guns, centrally placed, of the largest possible calibre; the armour was increased in thickness but reduced in length, and a sharp beak ram was combined with a classical style plough bow. This double bottom had the added advantage of allowing the engine to be carried higher, raising the centre of gravity of the whole ship and making her thereby a steadier gun platform. Unlike earlier classes, Bellerophon's bow and stern had a U-shaped profile, giving increased buoyancy at the ends noticeably absent in some earlier battleships. whereas in HMS Warrior it took forty men 90 seconds to perform the same manoeuvre. HMS Bellerophon was long between perpendiculars. She had a beam of and a maximum draught of . Propulsion Bellerophon had one 2-cylinder trunk steam engine made by John Penn and Sons driving a single propeller. Eight rectangular boilers provided steam to the engine at a working pressure of . The engine produced a total of during the ship's sea trials in August 1864 and the ship had a maximum speed . Bellerophon carried of coal, enough to steam at . The ironclad was ship rigged and had a sail area of . Bellerophon was "dull under canvas" and only made under sail in a moderate gale. The ship's propeller could be disconnected to reduce drag while under sail. Armament Bellerophon was the first British ironclad to carry the 9-inch rifled muzzle-loading gun. All ten of the guns were mounted on the main deck, five on each side. Five 7-inch rifled muzzle-loaders were mounted outside the battery as chase guns. Four of these were mounted in pairs fore and aft on the main deck; the last gun was mounted on the upper deck at the stern. The shell of the 14-calibre 9-inch gun weighed while the gun itself weighed . It had a muzzle velocity of and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal of wrought iron armour at the muzzle. The 16-calibre gun weighed and fired a shell. It was credited with the nominal ability to penetrate armour. When the ship was refitted in 1881–85, The ship also received two Whitehead torpedo launchers that were carried on the main deck, outside the armoured battery. long, with transverse bulkheads at each end. The forward chase guns were protected by a strake of armour. The upper deck was thick over the battery and the main deck was thick. The armour was backed by of teak and the skin of the ship was thick. The total weight of her armour was . ==Construction==
Construction
For the first time since the construction of , the basic method of construction of an ironclad's hull was altered. The usage of longitudinal girders to impart strength and resistance to the hull was discarded, and a "bracket frame" system devised by Nathaniel Barnaby was adopted. This system allowed for the inclusion into the ship of a double bottom, with clear survival implications if damaged, while at the same time allowing for a saving in weight so that of the hull of Bellerophon weighed , versus for of . HMS Bellerophon was ordered on 23 July 1863 from the Royal Dockyard in Chatham, Kent. The ship was commissioned in March 1866 and completed on 11 April 1866. Bellerophon cost £356,493. ==Service history==
Service history
Bellerophon was commissioned at Chatham, and served in the Channel Fleet until 1871. She was struck by in 1868 while leaving Belfast Lough, but only suffered minimal damage. The ship served with the Mediterranean Fleet from 1871 to 1872, and then paid off for refit where she was given a poop deck. Bellerophon relieved as flagship on the North America and West Indies Station in 1873, based at the Royal Naval Dockyard in the Imperial fortress colony of Bermuda. Bellerophon remained on the North America and West Indies Station until 1881. An extensive refit, including new boilers and new armament was followed by a further period on the North America and West Indies Station until 1892, when she paid off at Plymouth. She was re-commissioned as port guardship at Pembroke until 1903. Bellerophon was converted into a stokers' training ship in 1904, and renamed HMS Indus III. The ship was sold on 12 December 1922 to P. and W. McLellan for scrap, although she did not arrive in Bo'ness for breaking-up until March 1923. ==Notes==
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