Nairana was commissioned in December 1943, and moved to
Gourock for working up.
Nairana with
835 Naval Air Squadron Fleet Air Arm on board commenced flying exercises with
Activity on 27 January 1944. Both carriers left the
River Clyde on 29 January with the
2nd Escort Group under the command of
Captain Frederic John Walker. They were to form a "hunter killer group" in the waters west of Ireland, providing cover for two southbound convoys
OS 66 and KMS 70. Weather conditions had prohibited flying until 31 January. With clearer weather
Nairana turned into the wind to send off her first anti-submarine patrol. At the same time, reported contact with a submerged U-boat on her
ASDIC. Warning
Nairana that she had just turned into danger, the carrier took avoiding action. was sunk by
Wild Goose and Walker's own ship , while a Fairey Swordfish from
Nairana circled the area. At the end of May 1944,
Nairana sailed with the
15th Escort Group. Her air group was still 835 Naval Air Squadron equipped with nine Swordfish and six Sea Hurricanes. The Swordfish patrolled day and night and some contacts were made on the air to surface vessel radar (ASV). All the contacts came to nothing; it is now known the older model ASV in
Nairanas Swordfish could be detected by receivers on board U-boats. In May, they escorted convoys SL 157 (
Freetown to Britain) with MKS 48 (Mediterranean to Britain) and the next group SL 158 with MKS 49. On 25 May, the convoys were located by German
Junkers Ju 290 reconnaissance aircraft. From then until the next morning, they were driven off undamaged, but one Sea Hurricane failed to pull out of a dive killing the pilot. On 26 May 1944, shortly after daybreak, a
Sea Hurricane piloted by Sub-Lieutenant Burgham from
Nairana shot down Ju 290
9K+FK of FAGr 5 over the Bay of Biscay. The afternoon of the same day, Sub-Lieutenants Mearns and Wallis attacked two more Ju 290s, Mearns shooting down
9V+GK piloted by Kurt Nonneberg, which ditched in the sea. The other Ju 290 disappeared on fire into cloud and was assumed to have crashed. armed with
RP-3 rockets. Russian convoy JW 61—which sailed on 20 October—had three escort carriers,
Nairana, and . This was a large convoy of 62 merchant ships with a large escort group.
Vice-Admiral Frederick Dalrymple-Hamilton was in command with
Vindex as his
flagship.
Nairana had 835 Naval Air Squadron with 14 Swordfish IIIs and six Wildcat VIs on board for what would be their first Arctic convoy.
Vindex had the same aircraft types and numbers. The third carrier—
Tracker—had 10
Grumman Avengers and six Wildcats. The short Arctic days meant that most flying would be at night. The three carriers worked a system of eight-hour watches; one would be the duty carrier with its aircraft aloft, the second would be on standby with its aircraft arranged on deck ready to
scramble and the third resting. The two Swordfish-equipped squadrons, because of their better night-flying equipment, shared the night hours while
Trackers Avengers worked the daylight hours. The strength of the convoy's escort may have deterred the Germans and no U-boats or reconnaissance aircraft were detected until the convoy approached the
Kola Inlet; even then the heavy escort prevented any attack and the convoy reached port safely. The return convoy RA 61 was equally as successful with only one frigate damaged by a torpedo just after leaving Kola and
Vindex had to take avoiding action after detecting a torpedo coming towards her.
Vindexs inexperienced squadron lost a Wildcat pilot when his plane crashed into the sea attempting to land back on board. A Swordfish crashed into the sea following a rocket-assisted take off with the loss of the two-man crew. Another Swordfish crashed on landing with the aircraft initially hung over the ship's side from its tail hook. When the hook gave way, it crashed into the sea and only the pilot was rescued. The squadron in total lost or so severely damaged eight Swordfish and two Wildcats that they could not fly again.
Grumman Wildcat. On 6 February 1945,
Nairana, , the
cruiser , and eight fleet destroyers joined 26 merchant ships in convoy JW64. This time, the squadrons had spare aircrews for their aircraft and
Campanias squadron included a
Fairey Fulmar fitted with a
Royal Air Force A1 air-to-air interception radar, for use as a dedicated night fighter. Shortly after the escorts and convoy came together
Campanias radar operator reported a target approaching. Both carriers scrambled two Wildcats to intercept the intruder.
Campanias Wildcats arrived first and shot down a
Junkers Ju 88; one of the Wildcats was also shot down with the loss of the pilot. The next morning at 07:45,
Campanias radar detected aircraft approaching. Two groups of Junkers Ju 88 torpedo bombers appeared and the convoy's escorts opened fire. The ships manoeuvred to avoid the torpedo attack and
Nairanas Wildcats were airborne by 08:10. No ships were hit during the attacks and the bombers evaded the fighters in the heavy cloud cover.
Campanias Swordfish were flying the daylight anti-submarine patrols, with a mixed armament of four RP-3 rockets and two depth charges. On 7 November 835 Squadron claimed a Junkers Ju 88 damaged. The long Arctic night with only four hours of light a day—together with heavy seas and low visibility—hampered operations by the Wildcats. In the darkness, the ships could hear the engines of the shadowing German aircraft closing in.
Campanias night fighting Fulmar took off at 17:30, but its electrics failed as it was approaching the German aircraft and it was forced to return to the carrier. The Fulmar landed off centre and crashed into the safety barrier, putting itself and the carrier out of action. On 10 November, a Swordfish on anti-submarine patrol reported 30 Junkers Ju 88s approaching the convoy. The Wildcats took off to intercept the torpedo bombers and the escorts opened fire on them. The combined fire from the escorts and the Wildcats shot down four Ju 88s, two more were claimed as probables by the Wildcats, and another was severely damaged. Those Ju 88s that did release their torpedoes failed to hit any of the ships and a number of the torpedoes were seen to detonate in the ships' wakes, as they turned away from the attack. Two of the Wildcats were also shot down by the barrage from the escorts. The combined losses had reduced the escort's fighter cover to three aircraft, one on
Campania and two on
Nairana. At 11:30, another group of Ju 88 torpedo bombers were discovered approaching.
Nairanas Wildcats took off and shot one down. The others, under fire from the escorts, dropped their torpedoes too soon and they all missed. The return convoy RA 64 left Kola Inlet on the morning of 17 February. One of the escorts and a merchant ship were torpedoed almost immediately. Another merchant ship was torpedoed that afternoon. Terrible weather conditions kept all aircraft grounded until 20 February. When it began to clear, the
Luftwaffe also appeared and the Wildcats were scrambled to intercept them. Two Ju 88s were shot down by the fighters, another two by the escorts, and three were damaged. The convoys had lost to enemy action two fighters, two escorts and two merchant ships. In return, they claimed 15 aircraft destroyed, seven aircraft probables and one U-boat sunk.
Campania did one more Russian convoy JW 65 in March 1945, which had two merchant ships torpedoed and sunk on their approach to Kola Inlet. These were the last losses on a Russian convoy. . With the war over there was no further need for escort carriers.
Nairana was transferred to the
Royal Netherlands Navy in 1946. In Dutch service, she was renamed '
HNLMS Karel Doorman'''
. Before heading to the Netherlands, she and her crew performed training exercises in the British waters. After completing these exercises, Karel Doorman'' arrived on 5 July 1946 at the shipyard of
Wilton-Fijenoord in the Netherlands. On 1 September 1946 she set course for the
Dutch East Indies, with a stop at
Simon's Town. She eventually arrived at
Tandjong Priok on 13 October 1946. In 1947 she operated with
Hawker Sea Fury fighters against communist insurgents in the Dutch East Indies. In 1948 she was converted into a merchantman named the
Port Victor. Until March 1968,
Port Victor was owned by the
Cunard Line but managed by
Blue Star Port Lines. She eventually became owned by Port Line in 1971; on 21 July, she was sent to
Faslane to be scrapped. ==Notes==