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Ho-103 machine gun

The Type 1 machine gun was a Japanese aircraft-mounted heavy machine gun widely used during World War II. It was also known as the Ho-103 in general use. The weapon itself was largely based on the American .50-caliber (12.7 mm) M2 Browning heavy machine gun, while the design of its ammunition was initially based on various Italian Breda-SAFAT 12.7 mm rounds. Japanese-designed and produced rounds eventually largely replaced these imported rounds.

Ammunition
The Ho-103 used a wide variety of ammunition; Most was produced in Japan, but some was imported from Italy (such ammunition was identical to that used in Breda-SAFAT HMGs). Types of ammunition used by the Ho-103 include: • Ball (full metal jacket), marked with a pink or red seal around the casemouth. • Armor piercing (AP) of Italian origin, marked with a black tip. • Armour piercing tracer (AP-T) with red tracer, marked with a pink tip and green and white seal around the casemouth. • AP-T with brighter-burning, longer-lasting red tracer, uncolored tip and black seal around the casemouth. • AP-T with white tracer, uncolored tip and green and white seal around the casemouth. • '''Fuzed high-explosive incendiary''' (HEI) of Italian origin, its body painted blue or red. Contained of PETN and incendiary composition. • 'Ma 103 fuzed HEI', marked with a white seal around the casemouth. Contained of RDX and incendiary composition. Copy of the Italian fuzed HEI round with additional incendiary composition added. • 'Ma 102 fuzeless HEI', marked with a dark purple seal around the casemouth. Contained of PETN + RDX and incendiary composition. Elimination of the fuze from the Ma 103 HEI round permitted additional space for explosive content. Considered an improvement over the Ma 103, detonation was achieved via crumpling of the round upon striking a target. ==Design==
Design
The 12.7×81mm cartridge allowed the Type 1 to fire at a rate of 900 RPM, but the poor suitability of the Browning's action to synchronization reduced the rate of fire to 400 RPM in synchronized installations. did not mention that this machine gun had a propeller synchronization flaw. ==References==
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