, Philippines, encouraging churchgoers to practice honesty Honesty is valued in many ethnic and religious cultures. "Honesty is the best policy" is a
proverb of
Edwin Sandys, while the quote "Honesty is the first chapter in the book of
wisdom" is attributed to
Thomas Jefferson, as used in a letter to
Nathaniel Macon. April 30 is national
Honesty Day in the
United States.
William Shakespeare described honesty as an attribute people leave behind when he wrote that "no legacy is so rich as honesty" in act 3, scene 5 of "
All's Well that Ends Well."
Tolstoy thought that honesty was revolutionary: “No feats of heroism are needed to achieve the greatest and most important changes in the existence of humanity.... it is only needful that each individual should say what he really feels or thinks, or at least that he should not say what he does not think.”
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn ("Live Not By Lies," 1974) and
Václav Havel (
The Power of the Powerless, 1978) agreed. Havel wrote: : [L]iving within the truth has more than a mere existential dimension (returning humanity to its inherent nature), or a noetic dimension (revealing reality as it is), or a moral dimension (setting an example for others). It also has an unambiguous political dimension. If the main pillar of the system is living a lie, then it is not surprising that the fundamental threat to it is living the truth. The 18th century enlightenment philosopher
William Wollaston argued that all religion ultimately reduces to ethics and all ethics reduces to honesty (
The Religion of Nature Delineated, 1722). “[E]very intelligent, active, and free being should so behave himself, as by no act to contradict truth; ...treat every thing as being what it is.” All else would follow from that.
Immanuel Kant made the duty of honesty a core example of
his ethical theories. Others noted, however, that "too much honesty might be seen as undisciplined openness". For example, individuals may be
perceived as being "too honest" if they honestly express the negative
opinions of others, either without having been asked their opinion, or having been asked in a circumstance where the response would be trivial. This concern manifests in
political correctness, with individuals refraining from expressing their true opinions due to a general societal condemnation of such views. Research also found that honesty can lead to interpersonal harm because people avoid information about how their honest behavior affects others. ==Definitions==