He was born on 11 January 1899 in
Galicia in
Monasterzyska (now
Monastyryska in
Ukraine), in a family of
Jewish ancestry. He studied
English and
German philology at the
Vienna University. In 1914 he published his first collection of poems (
Poezje). After the
Great War he settled in
Stanisławów, where he became a literary director of a local Jewish theatre, a position he held until the outbreak of
World War II. At the same time he continued to publish books on theatre and collections of poems, both in Polish and German. He spent the World War II in the Soviet Union, after the war he was depatriated to
Łódź, where he remained for the rest of his life. He died there on 23 August 1980. ==Selected works==