Hornos Island

The island is dominated by Magellanic moorlands. Exposed locations are dominated by bunch grasses and short shrubs, low to the ground to avoid wind. Short trees found only in wind protected areas. The world's southernmost tree, a Nothofagus betuloides, is found on Hornos Island. The island has extensive penguin colonies along the coast, with no land predators present. The island's population of olive grass mice (Abrothrix olivacea) are the southernmost land mammals in the world. ==People==

In 2019, the island had a population of five, consisting of the lighthouse keeper, his wife, and their three children. The island is also the southernmost extension of pre-industrial humanity. The world's southernmost archaeological site, consisting of harpoon points, butchered bones, and a hearth or cooking camp, was found in 2019 by a National Geographic team led by Brian Buma. ==Geology==

The composition of the island is mainly of Cretaceous granite with Jurassic volcanic rocks in the northwest. The lower areas of the island are filled with peat moss. ==Climate==

: Mean temperature: 5.3 °C (41.54 °F) : Maximum temperature: 20.5 °C (68.9 °F) (February 1996) : Minimum temperature: −14.5 °C (5.9 °F) (June 1992) : Mean relative humidity: 86.4% : Mean wind direction: 264° : Mean wind speed: : Maximum wind speed: (August 1995) : Rainfall (yearly mean): : Maximum rainfall: (1990) == References ==