Host adapter

A '''''' connects a host system and a peripheral SCSI device or storage system. These adapters manage service and task communication between the host and target. Typically a device driver, linked to the operating system, controls the host adapter itself. In a typical parallel SCSI subsystem, each device has assigned to it a unique numerical ID. As a rule, the host adapter appears as SCSI ID 7, which gives it the highest priority on the SCSI bus (priority descends as the SCSI ID descends; on a 16-bit or "wide" bus, ID 8 has the lowest priority, a feature that maintains compatibility with the priority scheme of the 8-bit or "narrow" bus). The host adapter usually assumes the role of SCSI initiator, in that it issues commands to other SCSI devices. A computer can contain more than one host adapter, which can greatly increase the number of SCSI devices available. Major SCSI adapter manufacturers are HP, ATTO Technology, Promise Technology, Adaptec, and LSI Corporation. LSI, Adaptec, and ATTO offer PCIe SCSI adapters which fit in Apple Mac, on Intel PCs, and low-profile motherboards which lack SCSI support due to the inclusion of SAS and/or SATA connectivity. ==Fibre Channel==

The term host bus adapter (HBA) may be used to refer to a Fibre Channel interface card. In this case, it allows devices in a Fibre Channel storage area network to communicate data between each otherit may connect a server to a switch or storage device, connect multiple storage systems, or connect multiple servers. Other manufacturers include Agilent, ATTO, and Brocade. HBA is also known to be interpreted as High Bandwidth Adapter in cases of Fibre Channel controllers. ==InfiniBand==

The term ' (HCA') is usually used to describe InfiniBand interface cards. ==ATA==

ATA host adapters are integrated into motherboards of most modern PCs. They are often improperly called disk controllers. The correct term for the component that allows a computer to talk to a peripheral bus is host adapter . A proper disk controller only allows a disk to talk to the same bus. ==SAS and SATA==

SAS or serial-attached SCSI is the current connectivity to replace the previous generation parallel-attached SCSI (PAS) devices. Ultra320 was the highest level of parallel SCSI available, but SAS has since replaced it as the highest-performing SCSI technology. SATA is a similar technology from the aspect of connection options. HBAs can be created using a single connector to connect both SAS and SATA devices. Major SAS/SATA adapter manufacturers are Promise Technologies, Adaptec, HP, QLogic, Areca, LSI and ATTO Technology. eSATA External Serial ATA (eSATA) disk enclosures and drives are available in the consumer computing market, but not all SATA-compatible motherboards and disk controllers include eSATA ports. As such, adapters to connect eSATA devices to ports on an internal SATA bus are available. ==Mainframe channel I/O==

In the mainframe field, the terms host adapter or host bus adapter were traditionally not used. A similar goal was achieved since the 1960s with channel I/O, a separate processor that can access main memory independently, in parallel with CPU (like later DMA in personal computer field), and that executes its own I/O-dedicated programs when pointed to such by the controlling CPU. Protocols used by channel I/O to communicate with peripheral devices include ESCON and newer FICON. ==See also==