Hot-blooded horse

horse, a classic example of "hot blood" Horse breeds are usually classified by temperament groups in a rather arbitrary way. The French ethnologist Bernadette Lizet describes this concept of blood as "rich and polysemous". The expression "hot-blooded", which corresponds to French sang chaud, German warmblut and Spanish caballo de sangre /caliente, comes from a classification of horse breeds by blood temperature established by the Polish orientalist Wenceslas Séverin Rzewuski at the beginning of the 19th century. The homeothermy (the zoological concept of hot or cold-blood) of the horse is in fact the same, whatever its breed or origin, 37.5 to 38.5 °C, but this concept of "hot-blood" has remained in the hippological field. The use of the concept of "blood" involves notions of breed, but also temperament. The more nervous, lively and easily heated a horse is, the more likely it is to be described as "close to the blood"; conversely, a horse that is heavy or not very lively will be described as "lacking in blood". It can also refer to any horse that has been crossed with the Arabian. This notion of "blood" also appears in the crossing of breeds. In France, the expression toucher au sang means crossing a blood horse with a grade horse to produce a Bidet horse or a half-blood. The so-called "blood parent" is usually an Arabian, Thoroughbred or Anglo-Arabian horse with an equine ID. Breeds classified as "hot-blooded" According to the 2016 edition of the zootechnical book edited by Valerie Porter for CAB International, the term hot-blooded is reserved in its strictest sense for the Arabian,Marwari and kathiyawadi Barb and Turk. The Iberian horses are a cross between the hot-blooded Arabian and Barb horses and the local cold-blooded Celtiberian strain. Veterinarian Kristin J. Holtgrew-Bohling's glossary describes "hot-blooded horses" as animals whose pedigree can be traced back to horses originating in the deserts of North Africa and the Mediterranean Sea, and includes other breeds not broadly considered hot-blooded. Origins , native to northern Iran, is believed to be the oldest hot-blooded horse The question of the oldest ancestor of hot-blooded horses has been much debated. Wenceslas Severin Rzewuskiv considered the "Najdi Kocheilan" as the "superior because primordial" hot-blooded horse, a creation of God and Nature. In 1978, Colonel Denis Bogros described the Arabian breed as "the first blood horse", a view shared by Laetitia Bataille. The idea that all hot-blooded breeds come from Central Asia has been discussed, but the extensive and early genetic admixture between equine populations makes it impossible to distinguish genetically between hot-blooded and cold-blooded breeds, as both branches originated in the same geographical region, == History of the concept ==

According to the ethnologist Bernadette Lizet, the concept of "blood" in the horse is part of an ideological battle between the bourgeoisie, which uses the draft horse and the Thoroughbred, and the aristocracy, which uses the Arabian saddle horse, which seeks "purity" and lines qualified as "blood". This conflict, mixing equine aesthetics and class conflict, had its origins in the 1760s, when quarrels broke out between supporters of the Arabian horse and supporters of the Thoroughbred, at a time when equine breeding was dominated by the "tyranny of aristocratic linkings". Great importance was attached to the genealogical ancestry of horses, while the saddle horse was increasingly considered anachronistic. In this context, many horses were given prestigious Arab ancestors. The American export market was a determining factor in the triumph of the notion of "blood under the mace", used to describe the draft horse. Wenceslas Séverin Rzewuski's travel notes Wenceslas Séverin Rzewuski was a Polish orientalist aristocrat and polyglot who went on an expedition to the Bedouins of the Arabian Najd from 1817 to 1819. His treatise (written in French) proposes a "table of gradation of the blood of horses" and analyzes the "affection of the inhabitants of the Arabian Peninsula for horses" to judge the quality of their "blood", in other words, the value of the breed. He establishes a classification of horse breeds by blood temperature. According to him, the breed "all blood and fire", the hottest, is that of the "Bedouin Najdi Kocheilan of the deserts of Schamalieh and Hediazet", with a temperature of 80 degrees. He then ranks, at 70 degrees, the Kocheilan and the Thoroughbred, which he calls "English horse of the high breed", or BloodHorse, in his notes. He defines the breed by controlling the genealogy and by the climate. According to him, this notion comes from the formation of the Thoroughbred breed in England, because "after a certain number of consecutive crossings, it was noticed that there was no more improvement and it was imagined from then on that the new breed had reached its highest point of perfection, and it was agreed to call all the horses that made it up pure or of first blood". In Germany, at the same time, it was customary to distinguish the Warmblûtig (Edel), or noble hot-blooded horse, from the Englische vollblut (English Thoroughbred). In 1885, a study of Canadian horses argued that they lacked the "warm blood of the racehorse". Louis Champion (1898) described the "blood horse" as "the purebred horse, the regenerative type", and a little further on as a "horse which, without being purebred, is fairly close to it", specifying that this blood horse was bred, at the time, in Normandy, Brittany, the Vendée and the Charentes. In 1907, a report of the American genetics association assimilated the notion of hot blood to that of oriental horse. The use of this expression is reported in the 1930s in Portland: the classic example of "hot blooded horse" cited is the Arabian. The 1924 Czechoslovak Encyclopedia compares the merits of the hot-blooded horse to those of the cold-blooded horse. In 1934, the proceedings of the International Congress of Agriculture stated that "the hot-blooded horse, with its stronger caliber, is better suited for industrial transportation purposes than the cold-blooded horse" because of its "greater vivacity and resistance". == Characteristics ==

Hot-blooded horses are known for their qualities of speed, endurance, refinement, and nervous temperament, as opposed to the characteristics of the cold-blooded horse. and sport horses: Because of their energy, they are not suitable for all riders. They are more emotional, more sensitive to stress, Their possible reactivity requires a "deft and vigorous" rider. These hot-blooded horses are generally selected for equestrian sports. For example, in Belgium in 1969, "rural equestrian sport and the breeding of hot-blooded horses form an indissoluble whole". They are suitable for equestrian sports such as eventing, a discipline in which Thoroughbreds and Anglo-Arabs are valued. Half-bloods or warmbloods are generally preferred in dressage and show jumping. In the latter discipline, hot-bloods can be an advantage in obtaining responsiveness from the mount, but a warmblood horse is generally not the most suitable. == References ==