Geologist
Frederic Drew states that the Chang Chenmo river flows on a barren gravel bed, with occasional
alluvial patches where vegetation is found. Hot Springs is one such location. In the vicinity are also other such patches, named
Pamzal,
Tsogtsalu (or
Tsolu) and
Gogra. They were historical halting places for travellers and trading caravans, with a supply of water, fuel and fodder. Nomadic Ladakhi graziers also used them for grazing cattle. A large tributary called
Kugrang joins the Chang Chenmo River near Hot Springs. Gogra is in the valley of the Kugrang River, northwest of Hot Springs. The
Changlung River flows in from the northeast to join Kugrang at this location. According to the
Gazetteer of Kashmir and Ladak, there are "celebrated" hot springs at Kyam, which were visited by the Ladakhis of the
Pangong district and the Tibetans of the
Rudok district. The water had a temperature of in August and was suffused with soda and sulphur. The local people believed that it was beneficial for ailments like rheumatism. The springs are believed to arise from the geological fault represented by the Changchenmo Valley, which separates the Paleozoic, Triassic and Jurassic rocks of the Karakoram range to the north from the older Paleozoic rocks to the south. ==Transport==