Early life and education Bowen was born in
Spokane, Washington. He earned both his Bachelor of Arts degree and Master of Arts degree
Washington State University in 1929 and 1933 respectively. He did his doctoral studies at the
University of Iowa and received his Ph.D. in 1935. Bowen then went on to pursue his postdoctoral study at the
University of Cambridge, England, and the
London School of Economics from 1937 to 1938.
Marriage and children He married Lois B. Schilling of Green Bay, Wisconsin, in 1935. The couple had two sons.
Career Howard Bowen's career began at the University of Iowa where he taught economics from 1935 to 1942, before he decided to make a career change. He was chief economist of the Joint Congressional Committee on Internal Revenue Taxation from 1944 to 1945 and economist for the
Irving Trust Company, a Wall Street bank, from 1945 to 1947. After serving the government for a few years, Bowen decided to return to education. His first job back into education was at the
University of Illinois. At Illinois, he was appointed dean of the College of Commerce in 1947. Howard Bowen's tenure at Illinois was a good one with improvements in many different programs. In 1950, Bowen had to resign from the University of Illinois because senior professionals did not like his curriculum on the social responsibility of businessmen and, as an example of
McCarthyism, accused him of being anti-business. However, McCarthy didn't hold his first congressional inquiry until 1953 so this terminology is being applied retroactively. Howard Bowen loved higher education so much that, despite his problems at the University of Illinois, he decided to teach economics at
Williams College in Massachusetts. Bowen loved this job but enjoyed administration more, so he then went to
Grinnell College in Iowa. While serving as
Grinnell president, he increased enrollment, quality of students and faculty, and endowment to national stature. After making such great improvements at Grinnell the State University of Iowa wanted him to work for them. The State University of Iowa hired Bowen in 1964 to be president of the college. Howard Bowen made a great accomplishment by going to the legislature in Iowa and convincing them to change the university's name to the University of Iowa. He was president there during student uprisings and anti-war demonstrations in the late 1960s.
Bowen's Law The last job Howard Bowen ever took was as the R. Stanton Avery Professor of Economics and Education at
Claremont Graduate University. Bowen also served as CGU president for one year. During his tenure from 1974 to 1984 Bowen published three important writings:
Investment in Learning,
Costs of Higher Education, and
American Professors: A National Resource Imperiled.
Costs of Higher Education is best known for Bowen's Revenue Theory of Costs, sometimes called Bowen's Law: :...at any given time, the unit cost of education is determined by the amount of revenues currently available for education relative to enrollment. The statement is more than a
tautology, as it expresses the fundamental fact that unit cost [i.e., the cost of education] is determined by hard dollars of revenue and only indirectly and distantly by considerations of need, technology, efficiency, and market wages and prices. (p. 19) Bowen's book provided plentiful evidence that higher education institutions of similar size, situation and repute had radically different costs per student, and spent each dollar differently from one another. Their different costs were a function of their different histories in raising money.
Death and afterward Howard Bowen died on December 22, 1989. The Association for the Study of Higher Education has given an award in his name, the Howard R. Bowen Distinguished Career Award, annually since 1991. There are annual Howard Bowen Lectures at the
Tippie College of Business and Claremont Graduate University. The Bowen Science Building at the University of Iowa is named after him. ==Published works==