Aiken was born on 8 March 1900, in
Hoboken, New Jersey, to Daniel Aiken, who came from a wealthy and established
Indiana family, and Margaret Emily Mierisch, whose parents were
German immigrants. He grew up in
Indianapolis where he graduated from
Arsenal Technical High School in 1919. Aiken studied at the
University of Wisconsin–Madison where he received his B.S. in electrical engineering in 1923. He later obtained his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in physics from
Harvard University in 1937 and 1939, respectively. Inspired by
Charles Babbage's
difference engine, he envisioned an electro-mechanical computing device that could do much of the tedious work for him. This computer was originally called the ASCC (Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator) and later renamed
Harvard Mark I. With engineering, construction, and funding from
IBM, the machine was completed and installed at Harvard in February 1944.
Richard Milton Bloch, Robert Campbell and
Grace Hopper joined the project later as programmers. In 1947, Aiken completed his work on the
Harvard Mark II computer. He continued his work on the
Mark III and the
Harvard Mark IV. The Mark III used some electronic components and the Mark IV was all-electronic. The Mark III and Mark IV used
magnetic drum memory and the Mark IV also had
magnetic-core memory. Aiken accumulated
honorary degrees at the University of Wisconsin,
Wayne State University and
Technische Hochschule, Darmstadt. He was elected a Fellow of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1947. He received the University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering Engineers Day Award in 1958, the
Harry H. Goode Memorial Award in 1964, the Golden Plate Award of the
American Academy of Achievement in 1965, the
John Price Wetherill Medal in 1964, and the
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
Edison Medal in 1970 "For a meritorious career of pioneering contributions to the development and application of large-scale digital computers and important contributions to education in the digital computer field." In addition to his work on the Mark series, another important contribution of Aiken's was the introduction of a master's program for computer science at Harvard in 1947, nearly a decade before the programs began to appear in other universities. This became a starting ground to future computer scientists, many of whom did doctoral dissertations under Aiken. ==Personal life==