110 metres hurdles

For the first hurdles races in England , wooden barriers were placed along a stretch of 100 yards (91.44 m). The first standards were attempted in 1864 in Oxford and Cambridge: The length of the course was set to 120 yards (109.7 m) and over its course, runners were required to clear ten high hurdles; the height and spacing of the hurdles have been related to Imperial units ever since. After the length of the course was rounded up to 110 metres in France in 1888, the standardisation was essentially complete, except that in Germany, 1 metre high hurdles were used until 1907. The massively constructed hurdles of the early days were first replaced in 1895 with somewhat lighter T-shaped hurdles that runners were able to knock over. However, until 1935, runners were disqualified if they knocked down more than three hurdles, and records were only recognized if the runner had left all hurdles standing. In 1935, the T-shaped hurdles were replaced by L-shaped ones that easily fall forward if bumped into and therefore reduce the risk of injury. However, these hurdles are weighted, so it is disadvantageous to hit them. The current running style where the first hurdle is taken on the run with the upper body lowered instead of being jumped over and with three steps each between the hurdles was first used by the 1900 Olympic champion, Alvin Kraenzlein. The 110 metre hurdles have been an Olympic discipline since 1896. Women's history Women ran the event occasionally in the 1920s, but it never became generally accepted. From 1926 to 1968, women competed in the 80 metre hurdles, which was increased to 100 metres starting in 1961 on a trial basis, and was officially implemented in competition in 1969. Currently, women run the 110 metre distance at the World Athletics Relays shuttle hurdle relay, which features two men and two women participating together. The event debuted at the 2019 event. Other events In 1900 and 1904, the Olympics also included a 200-metre hurdles event, and the IAAF recognized world records for the 200 metre hurdles until 1960. Don Styron held the world record in the event for over 50 years, until Andy Turner broke the record in a specially arranged race at the Manchester City Games in 2010: Styron still holds the world record in the 220 yard low hurdles as of 2021. ==Technique==

The sprint hurdles are a very rhythmic race because both men and women take 3 steps (meaning 4 foot strikes) between each hurdle, no matter whether running 110/100 metres outdoors, or the shorter distances indoors (55 or 60 metres). In addition, the distance from the starting line to the first hurdle – while shorter for women – is constant for both sexes whether indoors or outdoors, so sprint hurdlers do not need to change their stride pattern between indoor and outdoor seasons. One difference between indoor and outdoors is the shorter finishing distance from the last (5th) hurdle indoors, compared to longer distance from the last (10th) hurdle outdoors to the finish line. Top male hurdlers traditionally took 8 strides from the starting blocks to the first hurdle (indoors and outdoors). The 8-step start persisted from (at least) the 1950s to the end of the 20th century and included such World- and Olympic champions as Harrison Dillard, Rod Milburn, Greg Foster, Renaldo Nehemiah, Roger Kingdom, Allen Johnson, Mark Crear, Mark McCoy, and Colin Jackson. However, beginning in the 2000s, some hurdle coaches embraced a transition to a faster 7-step start, teaching the men to lengthen their first few strides out of the starting blocks. Cuban hurdler Dayron Robles set his 2008 world record of 12.87 using a 7-step start. Chinese star Liu Xiang won the 2004 Olympics and broke the world record in 2006 utilizing an 8-step approach, but he switched to 7-steps by the 2011 outdoor season. After the 2010 outdoor season, American Jason Richardson trained to switch to a 7-step start and went on to win the 2011 World Championship. American Aries Merritt trained in Fall 2011 to switch from 8 to 7, and then had his greatest outdoor season in 2012 – running 8 races in under 13 seconds – capped by winning the London 2012 Olympics and then setting a world record of 12.80. Of the 10 men with the fastest 110m hurdle times in 2012, seven used 7-steps, including the top 4: Aries Merritt, Liu Xiang, Jason Richardson, and David Oliver. Hurdle technique experts believe the off-season training required to produce the power and speed necessary to reach the first hurdle in 7 steps, yields greater endurance over the last half of the race. That added endurance allows hurdlers to maintain their top speed to the finish, resulting in a faster time. == Junior-level competition ==

In American high school track and field and at many international Under-20 athletics competitions, the 110 metres hurdles are mostly the same as their professional counterparts. The main difference between the junior-level hurdles and professional hurdles is the height. Junior-level hurdles are tall while professional-level hurdles are tall. This change in height drastically changes the requirements placed on the hurdler to clear the barrier with the same amount of speed. Junior-level hurdling technique is the same as professional except on the higher hurdles everything is exaggerated. As a junior makes the transition to professional level there are many things they must adjust to, the most prevailing issue is getting down after clearing the hurdle. junior-level hurdlers are used to the normal sprinting motion right after they get off the hurdle but for a newly transitioned professional-level hurdler that extra half a second can feel very foreign. The second major difference in technique is the take-off distance. When a junior-level hurdler approaches his first hurdle they are putting as much power into each step as possible and attempting to gain all the speed they can so by their eighth step they'll be about 2 m away from the hurdle. When attempting to clear a 106 cm hurdle the athlete can no longer run headfirst into the hurdle with disregard for the height of the hurdle. Professional hurdler need to learn how to shorten their strides so they can take off the ground from farther away to clear a higher barrier. Both before and after this change of technique world class hurdler, Aries Merritt was an elite level hurdler, at the peak of his high school career Aries Merritt achieved a still standing Wheeler High school record of 13.91 seconds. Almost all top level American hurdlers started their careers in high school including Roger Kingdom at Vienna high school and many more. The world record in the 110m hurdles at the 99-cm height is 12.72 by Sasha Zhoya, achieved at the 2021 World Athletics U20 Championships – Men's 110 metres hurdles in Nairobi, Kenya on 21 August 2021. ==Milestones==

• First official IAAF world record: 15.0 seconds, Forrest Smithson (USA), 1908 • First under 15 seconds: 14.8 seconds, Earl Thomson (CAN), 1920 • First under 14 seconds: 13.7 seconds, Forrest Towns (USA), 1936 • First under 13.5 seconds: 13.4 seconds, Jack Davis (USA), 1956 • First under 13 seconds: 12.93 seconds, Renaldo Nehemiah (USA), 1981 • First under 12.9 seconds: 12.88 seconds, Liu Xiang (CHN), 2006 == All-time top 25 ==

• Correct as of August 2025. Assisted marks Any performance with a following wind of more than 2.0 metres per second does not count for record purposes. Below is a list of all wind-assisted times equal or superior to 12.95: • Roger Kingdom (USA) ran 12.87 (+2.6) in Barcelona on 10 September 1989. • Liu Xiang (CHN) ran 12.87 (+2.4) in Eugene, Oregon on 2 June 2012. • Cordell Tinch (USA) ran 12.87 (+6.0) in Pueblo, Colorado on 27 May 2023. • David Oliver (USA) ran 12.89 (+3.2) in Eugene, Oregon on 6 July 2008. • Renaldo Nehemiah (USA) ran 12.91 (+3.5) in Champaign, Illinois on 1 June 1979. • Colin Jackson (GBR) ran 12.94 (+2.8) in Sestriere on 31 July 1994. ==Most successful athletes==

Athletes with two or more victories at the Olympic Games & World Championships: 5 wins: • Allen Johnson has won the most 110 m hurdles titles at Olympic and World level, one Olympic (1996) & four World (1995, 1997, 2001, 2003) 4 wins: Grant Holloway has won one Olympic hurdle title (Paris 2024) three World Championship titles, 2019, 2022, & 2023 (also won Olympic silver in Tokyo 2020) 3 wins: • Greg Foster, three World Championship titles, 1983, 1987 & 1991 (also won Olympic silver in 1984) 2 wins: • Lee Calhoun (USA), two Olympic victories, 1956, 1960 • Roger Kingdom (USA), two Olympic victories, 1984 and 1988 • Colin Jackson (GBR), two World Championship victories, 1993 and 1999 (also won Olympic Silver in 1988) • Liu Xiang (CHN), Olympic, 2004, World, 2007 • Omar McLeod (JAM), Olympic, 2016, World, 2017 ==Olympic Games medalists==

== World Championships medalists ==