Hypermobility spectrum disorders are diagnosed when individuals have symptomatic joint hypermobility but do not meet the criteria for other connective tissue disorders, such as
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome. In March 2017, the International Consortium on the Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes published a revised classification naming two syndromes: hypermobile EDS (hEDS), which has narrowly defined criteria, and hypermobility spectrum disorder (HSD) for those with some but not all the features of hEDS. This reclassification aimed to address the overlap between joint hypermobility syndrome and what was previously termed EDS-hypermobile type (EDS-HT). Patients who have a diagnosis of EDS-HT or JHS will fall into one of these two new categories. Hypermobility spectrum disorder does not include people with asymptomatic hypermobility or people with
double-jointedness but no other symptoms. Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorders may be equally severe. HSD is further classified into different subtypes, which include: •
Generalized HSD (G-HSD): Involves widespread joint hypermobility affecting multiple joints. •
Localized HSD (L-HSD): Limited to a few joints, without generalized involvement. •
Peripheral HSD (P-HSD): Affects joints in the hands and feet. •
Historical HSD (H-HSD): Diagnosed when there is a history of joint hypermobility that is no longer present, along with other symptoms. These classifications help in identifying the specific pattern and extent of joint hypermobility and in determining the appropriate management strategies. ==Signs and symptoms ==