MarketIbal-pi-el II
Company Profile

Ibal-pi-el II

Ibal-pi-el II was a king of the kingdom of Eshnunna in ancient Mesopotamia.

Family
He was the son of Dadusha and nephew of Naram-Sin. ==Reign==
Reign
He conquered the cities of Diniktum and Rapiqum. With Hammurabi and the Amorite king Shamshi-Adad I he besieged the kingdom of Malgium until its ruler bought them off with 15 talents of silver. War with Shamshi-Adad I He was a contemporary of Zimri-Lim of Mari, and formed powerful alliances with Yarim-Lim I, Amud-pi-el of Qatanum, Rim-Sin I of Larsa, and Hammurabi of Babylon to appose the rise of Shamshi-Adad I in Assyria on his northern border who himself had alliances with Carchemish, Hassum, Urshu, and Qatna. The death of Shamshi-Adad I occurred in Year-Name 5 of Ibal-pi-el II of Eshnunna. Fall of Eshnunna Around 1767 BC, Siwe-Palar-Khuppak of Elam formed a coalition with Zimri-Lim of Mari and Hammurabi of Babylon. He led this coalition against Eshnunna, conquering it and imposed direct rule from his sukkal Kudu-zulush in Susa. Religion Tispak (deity) In Eshnunna (Tell Asmar), the Great Temple of Tišpak (Tishpak) was known as the Esikil (Sumerian: E2-sikil "Pure House"), dedicated to the patron deity of the city, Tishpak. The temple was originally dedicated to the chathonic god Ninazu who was associated with snakes. When Tishpak replaced Ninazu some time between the Akkadian and Isin-Larsa periods, the Esikil became his main sanctuary. The square temple is famous for its hoard of statues, and was the formal state temple where the kings of Eshnunna performed religious duties. While Tishpak was regarded the true king (Lugal) of the city, the kings themselves merely used the title ensi (governor) or steward. During the reign of Ibal-pi-el II, several year-names are dedicated to the temple and statues made for Tishpak. Adad (deity) Eshnunna also had a less prominent Temple of Adad, a deity often invoked in legal oaths and royal inscriptions. The kings dedicated cultic objects to his sanctuary (E2). Ibal-pi-el II dedicated a golden chariot. Enlil (deity) Ibal-pi-el II claimed to have built the Temple of Enlil called the House of Judgement, as Enlil was often mentioned in economic text where legal oaths were sworn by the "Life of Enlil". The temple is also known from the Laws of Eshnunna. Laws of Eshnunna The Laws of Eshnunna are generally dated to the early 18th century BC. They were once thought to date to king Bilalama (c. 1930 BC), but tablets found at Tell Abu-Harmal (ancient Šaduppūm) suggested they were promulgated during the reign of Dadusha or his son Ibal-pi-el II. These laws precede the Laws of Hammurabi by some decades. Unlike the Hammurabi Code inscribed on a grand stone stela, these laws were found as Akkadian cuneiform tablets (Old Babylonian dialect) in an administrative archive as functional legal references copies. Year-Names Ibal-pi-el II is known from a series of year-names. His highest attested year-name is regnal year 12, while there are three additional unsorted year-names. His reign-length was 12-15 years. ==Death==
Death
Around 1765 BC, he was attacked and eventually killed by Siwe-Palar-Khuppak of Elam, who captured Eshnunna. He was succeeded by Silli-Sin. ==Theories==
Theories
Some scholars have suggested the biblical king Amraphel may have been Ibal Pi-El II of Eshnunna, while others consider Ameraphel to be Hammurabi. ==References==
tickerdossier.comtickerdossier.substack.com