The first summit, held in 1991 in
Guadalajara,
Mexico, was attended by the governments of
Argentina,
Bolivia,
Brazil,
Chile,
Colombia,
Costa Rica,
Cuba, the
Dominican Republic,
Ecuador,
El Salvador,
Guatemala,
Honduras,
Mexico,
Nicaragua,
Panama,
Paraguay,
Peru,
Portugal,
Spain,
Uruguay and
Venezuela.
Andorra joined in 2004.
Equatorial Guinea and the
Philippines entered in 2009 as "associate members".
Puerto Rico has participated sometimes as an associate member, but as it is not a sovereign country it is not allowed to completely join the summits.
Belize and
East Timor have expressed their interest in joining the summits, although they have not been allowed to join for the moment. All these countries were either Spanish or Portuguese colonies (Belize and the Philippines were Spanish before belonged to the
United Kingdom and the
United States, while East Timor was Portuguese before belonged to
Indonesia, respectively). Other former Spanish and Portuguese colonies may join the summits in the future. Following a proposal made by the Colombian President
Gustavo Petro, Sahrawi diplomat Mohamed Azrouk said that
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic will submit a request to join the Ibero-American Summit as an observer member. ==Expansion==