IBM PS/2 Model 80

IBM announced the PS/2 Model 80 on April 2, 1987, alongside the entire Personal System/2 line, which represented IBM's second generation of personal desktop computers after the original IBM PC was launched in 1981. The original PS/2 line-up included the low-end PS/2 Model 30, the midrange PS/2 Model 50, the higher-end PS/2 Model 60, and the highest-end Model 80. All but the Model 80 were available to buy immediately that April; the first units of the PS/2 Model 80 were slated for a late 1987 release, to early July 1987 to fulfill demand. The chief engineer behind the Model 80 was Mark Dean, who previously headed development of the PC AT and the ISA bus. The Model 80 was initially manufactured at IBM's facility in Boca Raton, Florida, along with the Model 30, Model 50, and Model 80. In early 1989, IBM moved manufacturing of PS/2s from Boca Raton to Raleigh, North Carolina, after having shut down their production lines reserved for computer systems in Florida to make way for other products. The new production lines in Raleigh featured a greater degree of factory automation, intended to hasten the production of computers. Significant defects engendered by this new machinery led to shortages of the Model 80 in 1989, however, which was then in high demand amid growing commercial interest in local area networking (LAN). ==Specifications==

The PS/2 Model 80 was IBM's first personal computer to feature the 32-bit Intel 80386 processor. bringing the PC platform into the 32-bit era and earning Compaq a reputation as a standards-setter for IBM PC compatibility, rather than merely a follower of IBM's lead. InfoWorld ran the headline on the cover page of their September 15, 1986, issue: "Compaq Introduces 386 PC, Challenges IBM to Match It". In the article, Rod Canion, Compaq's CEO, was quoted warning IBM that they had six months to respond with a 386-based machine of their own lest they lose serious market share. IBM envisioned the Model 80 as the premier machine for their forthcoming multi-user Operating System/2 (OS/2), co-developed by Microsoft and ultimately a market failure. As well as being IBM's first 386-based PC, the Model 80 was the company's second Intel-powered PC built into a tower case. The case was identical to the Model 60—IBM's first Intel-based tower computer—down to the carrying handle included on top of the machine, to aid in lifting the relatively heavy computer, at roughly . The Model 80 features eight Micro Channel expansion slots: four 16-bit slots, one 16-bit slot with an extension exclusively meant for select graphics adapter cards, and three 32-bit slots. Besides the expansion slots, the Model 80 features several drive bays: two accommodating 3.5-inch-width drives (one 3.5-inch floppy drive is included as stock; the 3.5-inch drive bays may also house tape drives and the like); and up to three aftermarket 5.25-inch drives (for floppy drives, optical drives, hard drive, and the like). Owing to the relatively narrow case of the Model 80, the 5.25-inch drives must be mounted on their sides, 90 degrees counterclockwise. The original PS/2 Model 80s came in two configurations: the Model 80-041, featuring a ST-506–based 44-MB hard disk drive; and the Model 80-071, featuring a faster, ESDI-based 70-MB hard disk drive. Both of these submodels ran the 386 at a clock speed of 16 MHz (equivalent to the original Deskpro 386). After extensive price cuts to the remaining models, IBM officially discontinued the Model 80 in 1992. The company named the PS/2 Server 85, introduced that year, as its replacement. ==Sales==

The Model 80 performed mediocrely in the market at first, IBM shipping roughly 100,000 units between July 1987 and January 1988, according to Gartner Dataquest. It consistently trailed behind Compaq, whose Deskpro 386 line cornered more than 70 percent of the 386 workstation market, the company selling 76,000 units of the Deskpro 386/20 submodel alone in 1987. Reasons for the Model 80's disappointing sales included its high cost, a lack of third-party 32-bit expansion cards, and skepticism over the future of Micro Channel. ==Reception==

Initial reviews of the Model 80 were cautiously optimistic. PC Tech Journal Steven Armburst and Caroline Halliday, in a joint longform review, concluded that the release of IBM's OS/2 operating system could justify the high cost of the Model 80: "This is a machine with outstanding potential for the future that delivers top-quality performance today. When OS/2 finally arrives, it will be better able to take advantage of the power of the Model 80's 80386. Looking ahead even farther, an operating system that takes full advantage of this microprocessor could make the IBM PS/2 Model 80 an even better investment". ==Legacy==

Although it underperformed in the marketplace, the PS/2 Model 80 (as well as the Model 60) started the trend of computer manufacturers offering PC compatibles in optional tower form factors. By May 1988, over a dozen companies were selling desktops in a tower form factor at that year's Comdex, according to The New York Times. By the mid-1990s, tower computers had overtaken traditional horizontal desktop cases in terms of sales. ==Submodels==