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Ibn Daqiq al-'Id

Taḳī al-Dīn Abū ’l-Fatḥ Muḥammad b. ʿAlī b. Wahb b. Muṭīʿ b. Abi ’l-Ṭāʿa, ; commonly known as Ibn Daqīq al-ʿĪd, was a Sunni Egyptian scholar. He is widely accounted as one of Islam's great scholars in the fundamentals of Islamic law and belief, and was the leading authority in the Shafi'i legal school. He was a prominent jurist with several major works of law to his credit. He was also equally proficient in hadith. He was a highly acclaimed muhaddith and a prolific writer on hadith and ilm al-rijal. He was known as the leading traditionist in his time and it is reported he was “the most respected scholar of hadith in the thirteenth century.” Although Ibn Daqiq al-'Id mastered Shafi'i jurisprudence under Ibn 'Abd al-Salam, he was also well-versed in Maliki fiqh. He served as chief judge of the Shafi'i school in Egypt. He was regarded as a highly esteemed and pious judge in his own day. He excelled in numerous Islamic sciences and was an authority in Arabic language and scholastic theology. He was also noted for his great skills in poetry, oratory, and literature. According to Taqi al-Din al-Subki, there was a consensus among Muslims that Ibn Daqiq al-'Id "was a mujtahid mutlaq with complete knowledge of legal sciences" as well as the mujaddid in the 8th Islamic century.

Name
He inherited the name "Ibn Daqiq al-'Id" from his grandfather, who was said to have enjoyed wearing a bright white turban—one that was as white as the flour used to bake pastries—during the Eid holiday. Subsequently, the name was transferred to his son and then to Imam Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Wahb, who was frequently referred to as Ibn Daqiq al-‘Id. ==Early life==
Early life
Birth Ibn Daqiq birth was in Yanbu in the Ḥidjaz (not in Lower Egypt as indicated by Brockelmann) in Shaʿban 625 AH/July 1228 AD and was born into the Arab tribe of Banu Qushayr. Education He attended several halaqahs in the city of Qus after learning the Quran by heart as a young kid, and his father led him into the Maliki school of jurisprudence. Eventually on, nevertheless, his pursuit of knowledge led him to Sheikh Al-Baha 'Al-Qifti, a father's pupil. Alongside Sheikh Mohammad Abu Al-Fadl Al-Mursi, he also studied Arabic. In order to further pursue his education, he later moved to Cairo and studied under Imam Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam, who was known as the "Sultanul Ulama." From the latter, he studied the laws and foundations of Shafi'i jurisprudence, and Imam Izz al-Din 'Ibn 'Abd al-Salam mentored him till the day of his death in AH 660 (1262 AD). In addition to this, he studied hadith extensively under the luminary hadith scholar, al-Mundhiri and mastered the science under him. After that, he travelled to Damascus to further study Hadith from experts there before eventually making his way back to Egypt and relocating to Qus, the city of his youth. ==Scholarly life==
Scholarly life
Teaching According to the Maliki school, he was appointed as a judge upon his 37-year-old return to Qus. But his position was only temporary since he didn't feel comfortable with the fame that came with his newfound position. Soon after, he found himself returning to Cairo and teaching Prophetic traditions at Darul Hadith Al-Kamiliyyah, a school established in A.H. 621 (1224 AD) by Sultan Al-Kamil. • Ibn al-Rif'ah • Ibn Jamil al-Ruba'i • Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati • Kamal al-Din al-Adfuwī • Al-MizziIbn Sayyid al-NasAl-Dhahabial-NuwayriTaqi al-Din al-Subki ==Death==
Death
He died on Friday, the eleventh of Ṣafar in the year 702 AH, and was buried on Saturday at the foot of the Muqattam Hills, east of Cairo. It was considered a tragic day, and prayers were performed over him. His funeral was attended by the royal members of the Sultanate, and a large gathering of the nation. Ibn Daqiq al-'Id left behind many works in hadith and the sciences of jurisprudence, which the Arabic library continues to cherish to this day. ==Reception==
Reception
The Zahiri hadith scholar, Ibn Sayyid al-Nas said: “I have not seen anyone like him among those I met, nor have I received knowledge from anyone more esteemed than him among those from whom I have narrated. He was well-versed in the sciences and excelled in their various disciplines. He was foremost among his peers in understanding the hidden defects (‘ilal) of hadith and was unique in mastering this precious discipline in his time. He had deep insight and a sharp eye in navigating its intricate paths. He had a remarkable ability to derive legal rulings and meanings from the Qur'an and Sunnah, and he excelled in both the transmitted and rational sciences. He was raised in silence and absorbed in the pursuit of knowledge.” ==Works==
Works
In his lifetime, Ibn Daqiq wrote many books on various religious sciences, and among the most famous of these books are: • Al-Ilma` al-Jami` fi Hadith al-Ahkam, in two volumes, and it is one of the greatest works written in its field. This famous book contains a "collection" of hadiths that are related to commandments. Ibn Taymiyyah used to call this book Kitab al-Islam and used to say: "No book like it has been written." In view of the importance of this book, many scholars of hadith have written commentaries on it. • Al-Naam Sharh al-Al-Maam, it is the first and best commentary of his own work al-Ilma` al-Jami` fi Hadith al-Ahkam. According to Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, it is over 20 volumes. • Tahf al-Labib fi Sharh al-Taqrib, a famous work on Rijal al-Hadith and is considered the best commentary of al-Taqrib by Abu Shuja' al-Isfahani. • ''Sharh Arba'een Nawawi'' a popular commentary on Forty Hadith by al-Nawawi. His commentary has become so popular that it is virtually impossible for any scholar to write a serious book about the forty hadiths without quoting Ibn-Daqiq. ===Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh=== • ''Sharh Khulasat al-Zubaydi fi al-Fiqh al-Shafi'i'' ("Explanation of Al-Zubaydi’s summary of Shafi’i jurisprudence") • Sharh Mukhtasar Ibn al-Hajib fi al-Fiqh al-Malkii ("Explanation of Ibn al-Hajib’s summary of Maliki jurisprudence") • ''Sharh Muqadimat al-Matrazi fi 'Usul al-Fiqh'' ("Explanation of Al-Matrazi’s introduction to the principles of jurisprudence") ==See also==
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