Icelandic Christmas folklore

Origins The first mention of the Yule Lads can be found in the 17th-century "Poem of Grýla". Grýla had appeared in older tales as a troll, but had not been linked to Christmas before. She is described as a hideous being who is the mother of the gigantic Yule Lads, a menace to children. Early on, the number and depiction of the Yule Lads varied greatly depending on location. They were used to frighten children into good behaviour, similar to the bogeyman. The King of Denmark objected to their use as a disciplinary tool. In 1746, the use of the Yule Lads myths to overly instill fear in children was officially banned, leading to the myths being made more benign. In the late 18th century, a poem mentions 13 of them. In the mid-19th century, author Jón Árnason drew inspiration from the Brothers Grimm and began collecting folktales. His 1862 collection is the first mention of the names of the Yule Lads. In 1932, the poem "Yule Lads" was published as a part of the popular poetry book Christmas is Coming (Jólin koma) by Icelandic poet Jóhannes úr Kötlum. The poem was popular and established what is now considered the canonical 13 Yule Lads, their names, and their personalities. ==Grýla and Leppalúði==

Grýla is an ogress, first mentioned in 13th-century texts such as Íslendinga saga and Sverris saga, but not explicitly connected with Christmas until the 17th century. She is enormous, and her appearance is repulsive. Grýla is also mentioned in the Skáldskaparmál section of the 13th-century Prose Edda by Snorri Sturluson. There, she is mentioned only by name in a list of names of "troll-wives". No further description of her is provided in the text. The oldest poems about Grýla describe her as a parasitic beggar. She walks around asking parents to give her their disobedient children. Her plans can be thwarted by giving her food or chasing her away. Originally, she lived in a small cottage, but in later poems, she appears to have been forced out of town and into a remote cave. Current-day Grýla can detect children who are misbehaving year-round. She comes from the mountains during Christmas time to search nearby towns for her meal. She leaves her cave, hunts children, and carries them home in her giant sack. She devours children as her favourite snack. Her favorite dish is a stew of naughty kids, for which she has an insatiable appetite. According to legend, a shortage of food for Grýla never occurs. According to folklore, Grýla has been married three times. Her third husband Leppalúði is said to be living with her in their cave in the Dimmuborgir lava fields, with the big, black Yule Cat and their sons. Leppalúði is lazy and mostly stays at home in their cave. Grýla supposedly has dozens of children with her previous husbands, but they are rarely mentioned nowadays. ==Yule Cat==

The Yule Cat, known as Jólakötturinn, a huge and vicious cat that is described as lurking about the snowy countryside during Christmas time and eating people who have not received any new clothes to wear before Christmas Eve. He is the house pet of Grýla and her sons. == Yule Lads ==

The Yule Lads (sometimes known as Yuletide-lads or Yulemen) are the sons of Grýla and Leppalúði. They are a group of 13 mischievous pranksters who steal from or otherwise harass the population. Each has a descriptive name to convey his favourite way of causing mischief. In modern times, the Yule Lads have also been depicted in a more benevolent role Once the first Lad departs on Christmas Day, the rest follow suit each day through 6 January. Variations Prior to the popularization of the 13 Yule Lads, regional lore offered variations on their mythos. Some were said to be sons of Grýla; others were her brothers. While each of them is still associated with a characteristic prank, some stories describe only nine Yule Lads. Most of the obscure Yule Lads fall into three groups: those who steal food, those who like to play tricks or harass, and those who seem to be a delusion from nature (for example, Gully Gawk, who just hides in gullies). A folk tale particular to eastern Iceland described the Yule Lads originating from the ocean rather than the mountains. One rare nursery rhyme mentions two female Yule pranksters who steal melted fat by stuffing it up their noses or putting it in socks. ==Notes==