A number of treatments are available. Options for conservative treatment for chronic blushing include oral medications and behavioral therapy. Several types of medications are used as treatment for idiopathic craniofacial erythema.
Anxiolytics, such as
diazepam, are used for anxiety;
beta-blockers, which blunt the body's reaction to stress; or
anticholinergic drugs, such as
glycopyrronium,
oxybutynin, or
propanthelin. The most successful
non-invasive procedure is
cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), which attempts to alleviate the anxiety felt by sufferers. In extreme cases a
surgical procedure known as
endoscopic transthoracic sympathicotomy (ETS) is available. Pioneered by
surgeons in
Sweden, this procedure has recently become increasingly controversial due to its many potential
adverse effects. Patients who have undergone the procedure frequently complain of compensatory sweating and
fatigue, with around 5% reconsidering getting the treatment. ETS is now normally only considered in extreme cases where other treatments have been ineffective. ==External links==