14th century–16th century The origins of the house date from circa 1340–1360. The earliest recorded owner is Sir Thomas Cawne, who fought in France with Edward the Black Prince and who acquired the Mote in the 1360s. He died in 1374 and there is a memorial to him in St Peter’s Church. In 1399 on the death of his son Robert the house passed by the marriage of Robert’s daughter Alice to
Nicholas Haute and their descendants, their grandson Richard Haute being Sheriff of Kent in the late 15th century. It was then purchased in 1521 by the courtier Sir
Richard Clement (d.1538). In 1591, Sir
William Selby bought the estate.
16th century-late 19th century The house remained in the
Selby family for nearly 300 years. Sir William was succeeded by his nephew, also
Sir William, who is notable for handing over the keys of
Berwick-upon-Tweed to
James I on his way south to succeed to the throne. He married Dorothy Bonham of
West Malling but had no children. The Selbys continued until the mid-19th century when the line faltered with Elizabeth Selby, the widow of a Thomas who disinherited his only son. During her reclusive tenure,
Joseph Nash drew the house for his multi-volume illustrated history
Mansions of England in the Olden Time, published in the 1840s. A brownwash watercolour painting dated c.1828 by
Samuel Palmer shows that part of the building had been converted to an
oast house. The house passed to a cousin,
Prideaux John Selby, a distinguished naturalist, sportsman and scientist. On his death in 1867 he left the house to his daughter Lewis Marianne Bigge. Her second husband, Robert Luard (with whom she had two children, including the organist
Bertram Luard-Selby, who had been born at Ightham Mote), changed his name to Luard-Selby. Ightham Mote was rented in 1887 to the American railway magnate
William Jackson Palmer and his family and for three years became a centre for artists and writers of the
Aesthetic Movement, with visitors including
John Singer Sargent,
Henry James and
Ellen Terry. When Mrs Bigge died in 1889, the executors of her son Charles Selby-Bigge, a
Shropshire land agent, put the house up for sale in July 1889.
Late 19th century-21st century The Mote was purchased in 1889 by
Sir Thomas Colyer-Fergusson. He and his wife brought up their six children at the Mote. In 1890–1891, he carried out much repair and restoration, which allowed the survival of the house after centuries of neglect. Ightham Mote was opened to the public one afternoon a week in the early 20th century. Sir Thomas Colyer-Fergusson's third son,
Riversdale, died aged 21 in 1917 at the
Third Battle of Ypres, and was awarded a
posthumous Victoria Cross. A wooden cross in the New Chapel is in his memory. The oldest brother, Max, was killed at the age of 49 in a bombing raid on an army driving school near
Tidworth in 1940 during
World War II. One of the three daughters, Mary (called Polly) married
Walter Monckton. On Sir Thomas's death in 1951, the property and the baronetcy passed to Max's son, James. The high costs of upkeep and repair of the house led him to sell the house and auction most of the contents. The sale took place in October 1951 and lasted three days. It was suggested that the house be demolished to harvest the lead on the roofs, or that it be divided into flats. Three local men purchased the house: William Durling, John Goodwin and John Baldock. They paid £5,500 for the freehold, in the hope of being able to secure the future of the house. In 1953, Ightham Mote was purchased by Charles Henry Robinson, an American of
Portland,
Maine, United States. He had known the property from vacations in England during the 1920s, and many years later happened to see the house for sale in
Country Life. He lived there for only fourteen weeks a year for tax reasons. He made many urgent repairs, and partly refurnished the house with 17th-century English pieces. In 1965, he announced that he would give Ightham Mote and its contents to the National Trust. He died in 1985 and his ashes were immured just outside the crypt. The National Trust took possession in that year. In 1989, the National Trust began an ambitious conservation project that involved dismantling much of the building and recording its construction methods before rebuilding it. During this process, the effects of centuries of ageing, weathering, and the destructive effect of the
deathwatch beetle were highlighted. The project ended in 2004 after revealing numerous examples of structural and ornamental features which had been covered up by later additions. ==Architecture and description==