Igor Shuvalov

Early years Igor Shuvalov was born on 4 January 1967 in Bilibino, Chukotka, USSR, in a family of Muscovites who traveled there to work in gold production. Later, Shuvalov returned to Moscow and finished his school education there in 1984. In 1984 and 1985, he worked as a lab assistant at the Scientific Research Institute of Economics and Communications Problems (НИИ «ЭКОС») before serving in the Soviet Army (1985 to 1987). Discharged, Shuvalov spent a year on preparatory courses at the Moscow State University and was accepted to the MSU Faculty of Law. In 1993, he graduated as a top student with a degree in Jurisprudence. In 2022, he earned a doctor of science degree with a thesis on regulating business during socio-economic crises. In the MSU, Shuvalov considered a diplomatic career and specialized in international public law. His MSU professor, Lev Shestakov, recommended Shuvalov for the service in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs' legal department as an attaché, where he was responsible for pursuing developments in international law. Career Following the birth of his first child, Shuvalov left public service for private business. In 1993, he was accepted as a senior legal advisor to the ALM legal bureau owned by Alexander Mamut (where ALM stood for his initials, A. L. Mamut). In two years, he was promoted to managing partner and was called to the bar. In ALM, Shuvalov specialized in mediating shareholder conflicts and managed the cases of ALM's many high-net-worth clients, which made him dozens of thousands of dollars in paychecks. ALM provided services to many businesspeople and enterprises, including Oleg Boyko, Roman Abramovich's Sibneft (ALM outsourced the legal department functions for the company), ORT TV channel (the bureau managed the company that consolidated private investors' shares in the state-controlled TV channel). During that time, Shuvalov sometimes acted as a nominee to incorporate new legal entities for ALM's clients. == State service ==

Shuvalov re-entered public service in 1997. Soon, he reached ministerial-level jobs and became a member of the President's staff in the early 2000s. In various roles, Shuvalov worked on economic policy decisions, was a point man on relations between the state and the big business and foreign investors, and designed tax reforms and support measures for small and medium businesses. Shuvalov's portfolio as a state servant includes financial reforms, privatization, and the development of measures to get the country out of the Ruble Crisis, the Great Recession in Russia in 2008, and the financial crisis of 2014. He represented the country at the World Economic Forum and G8 summits, communicated with the country's partners in the Eurasian economic associations, and led Russia's campaign for admission to the World Trade Organization. He was behind Russia's successful bid to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup and headed the 2013 Summer Universiade and World Cup organizing committee. Shuvalov is considered a liberal within the Russian political elite with enough influence to oppose and counterweight the strongest siloviki hardliners in the Russian top circles, such as Igor Sechin. In January 1998, the Agency was reorganized into the Ministry of State Property of Russian Federation. Shuvalov was promoted to the deputy minister responsible for three departments: science, culture, and the service industry. In May, he was appointed to manage the Russian Federal Property Foundation as a deputy chair (a chairperson since September 1998) and worked on the RFPF's cooperation with the business community. In 2018, Shuvalov arranged the recapitalization of VEB, the sale of loss-making and non-core assets, cut the half of the VEB staff, and reduced the salaries of its executives. VEB was reorganized into a centralized investment bloc with novel approach to project financing. It also introduced a new focus on city development and infrastructure projects. A reorganized VEB positioned itself as the methodology center for sustainable development in Russia. Under the new strategy, VEB integrated Rosnano, the Skolkovo Foundation, the Industrial Development Fund, the Fund for Infrastructure and Educational Programs, the Russian Information Technology Development Fund, ==Professional activities==

National projects Shuvalov is considered the author of the concept of so-called National Priority Projects, Vladimir Putin's development plans introduced in 2005 with an aim to improve public health, education, housing, and agriculture. Despite that, the Vedomosti interviewee in the government praised Shuvalov for a successful "small privatization" of unitary enterprises in the regions of Russia. Development of the Far East In 2008, Shuvalov was appointed as the head of the organizing committee on the preparation of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit in Vladivostok in 2012 and the head of the commission on the development of the Far East, the Republic of Buryatia, Zabaykalsky Krai, and Irkutsk Oblast. He advocated for a targeted approach focused on certain clusters that could attract private investors and generate economic growth. Vladivostok underwent a significant transformation as a 2012 APEC Summit venue. Shuvalov supervised several large-scale projects, including the Russky Bridge, Zolotoy Bridge, and the new Far Eastern Federal University campus on Russky Island were complete. The summit heralded the beginning of Russia's more attentive policy toward the development of the Far East and the success of Shuvalov's vision. Financial Mega-Regulator In 2012, Shuvalov proposed to transfer the functions of the Federal Financial Markets Service to the Central Bank of Russia and create a mega-regulator to supervise all financial markets in Russia. This plan was approved by the President of Russia in January 2013 and subsequently implemented. Universiade 2013 In 2009, Shuvalov was appointed the head of the organizing committee for the 2013 Summer Universiade. He supervised the completion of many facilities, created or reconstructed for the event. Said objects included the new terminal of the Kazan International Airport and the reconstructed old terminal, the Aeroexpress line, the central rail terminal, a new Kazan Metro line, numerous transport infrastructure objects, and temporary structures to meet the needs of athletes and other visitors of Kazan. Shuvalov was awarded the Order for Service to the Republic of Tatarstan and the Honorary Citizen of Kazan status ''for economic development and prosperity, enhancing the city's reputation and strengthening the image of the capital of Tatarstan in Russia and the world''. In the following years, he also curated the organization and preparation of the tournament, which was later widely considered a massive soft power success for Russia. ==Controversies==

Investments As a part of non-monetary compensation, Shuvalov received call options in the companies of his long-term clients, such as Boyko and Abramovich. Said options (along with other investments) had subsequently earned him up to US$80 million. The funds were transferred to a family trust firm (a group of offshore companies beneficially owned by his wife, Olga). In the 2000s, Shuvalov's trust made several profitable investments. In 2003, when President Vladimir Putin announced the liberalization of Gazprom shares trade, Shuvalov co-invested with Suleiman Kerimov. By 2007, Gazprom shares had grown seven times in value, and Shuvalovs claimed earnings of up to US$100 million. In 2004, Shuvalovs lent US$50 million to Alisher Usmanov to fund the purchase of Corus Group, which was close to bankruptcy (therefore, banks declined to credit the purchase). Under the agreement, in several years, Usmanov returned the initial loan and a share in the returns on the investment—a total of US$119 million. leaked the documents related to Shuvalovs' investments. Said papers were scrutinized by the Barron's, Financial Times, and The Wall Street Journal. However, the journalists found no indications that the transactions violated Russian laws. At the same time, Henri Reznik, the head of the Moscow City Bar Association, emphasized that Ivlev harshly violated the attorney-client privilege, while the ALM representative accused the ex-employee of manipulating the documents to cause harm out of political motives. Commenting on the case, Shuvalov pointed out that the investments were above the board, the earnings were reported, and the taxes paid. The former Chief of Staff of the President's Office, Aleksandr Voloshin, and the former Minister of Economic Development, German Gref, also spoke in defense of Shuvalov. For instance, Gref, who was an official responsible for the liberalization of the Gazprom stock trade, noted that Shuvalov was not an insider. ==Sanctions==

Shuvalov is sanctioned by the US, EU, Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland, and Ukraine in relation to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. ==Personal life==

Family Igor Shuvalov is married to Olga Shuvalova (born 27 March 1966). Olga is also a 1993 MSU Faculty of Law alumni, a former civil lawyer, and Shuvalov's ex-coworker in ALM. She quit her legal career after the birth of their 4th child. Shuvalovs have four children. Eugene (born 1993) is a Moscow School of Economics and Wellington College alumni. From 2011 to 2012, he served in the Pacific Fleet Special Forces based on Russky Island. Maria (born 1998) is a ballet dancer in the Bolshoy Theatre. Anastasia (born 2002) studied at the Moscow State University Faculty of Psychology. Shuvalov's youngest son was born in 2010. Back in 1997, Shuvalov entered state service following a successful career in consulting. Shuvalov transferred his assets to a family trust, which his spouse beneficially owned. Shuvalov became the first public official in Russia to disclose the family fortune in 2008. Russian and international media sometimes covered Shuvalov's wealth and extravagant spending. For instance, The Times cited reports that Shuvalov's spouse used a private jet to transport their Welsh Corgis to dog shows across Europe. Shuvalovs own luxurious apartments in London, and Moscow, a villa on Dubai's Palm Jumeirah, and an estate in Zarechye, Moscow Oblast. ==Awards and honors==

• Honorary Diploma of the Government of the Russian Federation (2003) for the significant personal contribution to meeting the challenges of the socio-economic development of Russia • Russian Federation Presidential Certificate of Gratitude (2004) • Order of Honour (2008) • Order of Alexander Nevsky (2013) for significant contribution to the State and many years of productive public service. • Order For Merit to the Republic of Tatarstan (2013) • Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" of II (2014), III (2006), and IV (2012) classes. • Order of the Friendship of Peoples (Belarus, 2015) for the contributions to the development of the Eurasian Economic Union. • Stolypin Medal (2017) for significant merit to the social-economic development. Shuvalov holds a rank of a 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation, and he is a Honorary Citizen of Kazan (2013) and Vladivostok (2014). ==References==