Clubs Papatheodorou played basketball in the
Athinaikos youth club systems in Greece, and as soon as he stopped playing youth level basketball, at age 20, he began his
coaching career in the same Athinaikos club systems, working there from 1995 to 2001. He coached in the club's cadets, juniors, and senior men's teams. He became the assistant coach of the senior men's team for one season, in 2001, in the Greek lower divisions. He then became the
head coach of the Greek club Larissaikos, from 2002 to 2004, and also was Markopoulo's head coach from 2004 to 2007. He became the head coach of the Greek club
Nea Kifissia in 2007. With the club, he managed to achieve several league
promotions up through the Greek lower leagues, and he led the club to the
Greek top-tier level, the
Greek Basket League, for the first time in its history, in 2013. He left the club in 2016. After leaving
Nea Kifissia, Papatheodorou was appointed as the head coach of the Kazakh
NBL and
VTB United League club
Astana. With Astana, he won both the
Kazakhstan League championship and the
Kazakhstan Cup title. On May 27, 2017, Papatheodorou became the head coach of the Greek club
PAOK, replacing
Soulis Markopoulos. On 19 June 2019, Papatheodorou signed a three-year contract with
AEK Athens replacing Italian
Luca Banchi. In the summer of 2022, Papatheodorou returned to coaching at a club level and signed with
Kolossos Rodou, replacing
Ilias Kantzouris. After a relatively successful season with the island club, he moved to
Promitheas Patras on May 19, 2023. On June 5, 2024, he renewed his contract with the club.
Greek junior national team In 2013, Papatheodorou became the head coach of the
Greek Under-18 junior national team. He has also been the head coach of the
Greek Under-19 junior national team and the
Greek Under-20 junior national team. ==Awards and accomplishments==