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Imitation of Life (1959 film)

Imitation of Life is a 1959 American melodrama film directed by Douglas Sirk and produced by Ross Hunter. It stars Lana Turner and John Gavin, with Sandra Dee, Dan O'Herlihy, Susan Kohner, Robert Alda, and Juanita Moore in supporting roles. Gospel music singer Mahalia Jackson appears as a church choir soloist. It is the second film adaptation of the 1933 novel by Fannie Hurst, following the 1934 film directed by John M. Stahl.

Plot
), Susie (Terry Burnham), and Lora (Lana Turner) In 1947, white widowed mother and aspiring Broadway actress Lora Meredith meets photographer Steve Archer while frantically searching for her young daughter Susie at a crowded Coney Island beach. She eventually finds Susie in the care of Annie Johnson, a single Black mother with a light-skinned Black daughter, Sarah Jane, who is about Susie's age and rejects being identified as Black. Since Annie and Sarah Jane have no place to go, Lora invites the two to stay temporarily in her small New York City apartment. In exchange, Annie offers to keep house and look after Susie while Lora pursues an acting career. Lora bluffs her way into the office of noted theatrical agent Allen Loomis, who attempts to solicit sexual favors from her, upsetting her. Lora and Steve begin a romance, but she rejects his marriage proposal and breaks up with him when he forbids her from meeting with Loomis, who has offered her a role in a new stage comedy by David Edwards, a well-known playwright. The play is a rousing success, and Lora receives critical acclaim for her performance. She and David become lovers. For the next 10 years, Lora stars in a series of successful comedy plays written by David, becoming a highly regarded Broadway star and living in a luxurious home near New York City. Annie continues to live with her, serving as her nanny, housekeeper, confidante, and best friend. After rejecting David's latest script and marriage proposal, Lora takes a role in another writer's dramatic play, to great success. At the play's after-party, Lora encounters Steve, whom she has not seen in a decade. The two slowly begin to rekindle their relationship. Steve is reintroduced to Susie and Sarah Jane, who are now teenagers. When Lora is cast to star in an Italian film, she entrusts Steve to look after Susie, who develops an unrequited crush on her mother's boyfriend. ) and Annie Sarah Jane has been secretly dating a young white man, but he beats her after learning that her mother is Black. Some time later, she takes a job performing at a seedy Manhattan nightclub, lying to her mother that she is working at a library. When Annie learns the truth, she goes to the club to confront Sarah Jane. Humiliated, Sarah Jane runs away from home, leaving Annie distraught. Upon returning from Italy, Lora asks Steve to hire a private detective to locate Sarah Jane. The detective finds her working as a chorus girl in Los Angeles under an assumed name. Increasingly ill, Annie flies out to see her daughter one last time and say goodbye. Sarah Jane is furious and insists that she is white, before they share an emotional embrace. When Sarah Jane's roommate interrupts them, Annie introduces herself as Sarah Jane's former nanny and leaves. After returning to New York, Annie becomes bedridden. Lora and Susie look after her. Susie confides in Annie about her feelings for Steve, but is upset when Lora announces her plans to marry Steve. The next morning, Annie tells Lora of Susie's infatuation with Steve, leading Lora to confront Susie. When Susie accuses her mother of prioritizing her career over her, Lora offers to break up with Steve, but Susie chooses to leave New York and go to college in Denver. As Annie dies, Lora breaks down in tears by her side. Lora grants Annie the lavish funeral that her friend had requested: in a large church, complete with a gospel choir, and followed by an elaborate traditional funeral procession with a band and four white horses drawing the hearse. Just before the procession sets off, Sarah Jane pushes through the crowd of mourners and throws herself on Annie's casket. She begs her mother's forgiveness, exclaiming, "I killed my mother!" Lora gently leads Sarah Jane into her limousine to join her, Susie, and Steve as the procession slowly travels through the crowded street. A large African-American crowd, dressed in the finery of their lodges and associations, silently watches. ==Cast==
History and production
The screenplay was written by Eleanore Griffin and Allan Scott. With director Douglas Sirk, they made changes to the story to reflect the society of 1959. As a result, the plot of the 1959 film differs from the 1933 novel and the 1934 film. In the novel, the Lora character, Bea Pullman, became successful by commercial production of her maid Delilah's family waffle recipe, a pancake recipe in the 1934 film version. As a result, Bea, the white businesswoman, becomes rich. She offers Delilah 20% of the profits, but the woman declines and chooses to remain Bea's assistant. In the novel, Delilah's daughter Peola leaves the area for good. In both the films, the Black daughter returns for her mother's funeral, showing remorse. Molly Hiro described the 1959 scene as "virtually identical" to that of 1934. Although many actresses, most of them white, Karin Dicker made her debut in this film as the young Sarah Jane. Noted Black gospel singer Mahalia Jackson received "presenting" billing for her one scene, performing a version of "Trouble of the World" at Annie's funeral service. ==Release==
Release
Sirk's Imitation of Life premiered in Chicago on March 17, 1959, followed by Los Angeles on March 20 and New York City on April 17. Following its New York opening, it became number one in the US for two weeks before Universal put the film into general release on April 30. Home media Both the 1934 and 1959 films were issued in 2003 on a double-sided DVD from Universal Studios. A two-disc set of the films was issued by Universal in 2008. A Blu-ray with both films was released in April 2015. This edition has been re-mastered, and is not identical with earlier DVD releases. Madman Entertainment released a three-disc DVD set in Australia, including the 1934 film version, as well as a video essay on the 1959 film by Sam Staggs. ==Reception==
Reception
Box office Imitation of Life grossed $6.4 million between the United States and Canada. – Imitation of Life was the sixth highest-grossing film of 1959, grossing $6.4 million. It was Universal-International's top-grossing film that year. Hiro wrote that in contrast to the novel, this film and the previous film had received "far more critical attention". With a wider audience, the second film became "more famous" than the first. Sirk provided the Annie–Sarah Jane relationship in his version with more screen time and more intensity than the characters were given in the 1930s versions of the story. Critics later commented that Juanita Moore and Susan Kohner stole the film from Turner. In 2015, Imitation of Life ranked 37th on BBC's "100 Greatest American Films" list, voted on by film critics from around the world. Accolades ==In popular culture==
In popular culture
Todd Haynes' Far from Heaven (2002) is an homage to Sirk's work, in particular All That Heaven Allows (1955) and Imitation of Life. The 1969 Diana Ross & the Supremes song "I'm Livin' in Shame" is based upon this film. R.E.M.'s 2001 song "Imitation of Life" took its title from the film, but none of the band members had seen it. ==See also==
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