Machine learning and statistics Machine learning is the field that involves the use of statistical and
probabilistic methods to let
computers "learn" from data without being explicitly programmed. Data science involves the application of machine learning to extract knowledge from data. Subfields of machine learning include
deep learning,
supervised learning,
unsupervised learning,
reinforcement learning,
semi-supervised learning, and
active learning.
Causal inference is another related component of information engineering.
Control theory Control theory refers to the control of (
continuous)
dynamical systems, with the aim being to avoid delays, overshoots, or
instability. Information engineers tend to focus more on control theory rather than the physical design of control systems and
circuits (which tends to fall under electrical engineering). Subfields of control theory include
classical control,
optimal control, and
nonlinear control.
Signal processing Signal processing refers to the generation, analysis and use of
signals, which could take many forms such as
image,
sound, electrical, or biological. can be used to remove unwanted information from an
X-ray scan Information theory Information theory studies the analysis, transmission, and storage of information. Major subfields of information theory include
coding and
data compression.
Computer vision Computer vision is the field that deals with getting computers to understand image and video data at a high level.
Natural language processing Natural language processing deals with getting computers to understand human (natural) languages at a high level. This usually means
text, but also often includes
speech processing and
recognition.
Bioinformatics Bioinformatics is the field that deals with the analysis, processing, and use of
biological data. This usually means topics such as
genomics and
proteomics, and sometimes also includes
medical image computing.
Cheminformatics Cheminformatics is the field that deals with the analysis, processing, and use of
chemical data.
Robotics Robotics in information engineering focuses mainly on the
algorithms and
computer programs used to control
robots. As such, information engineering tends to focus more on autonomous, mobile, or probabilistic robots. Major subfields studied by information engineers include
control,
perception,
SLAM, and
motion planning. ==Tools==