Open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) involves the implementation of implants to guide the healing process of a bone, as well as the open reduction, or setting, of the bone.
Open reduction refers to
open surgery to set
bones, as is necessary for some
fractures.
Internal fixation refers to fixation of screws and/or plates,
intramedullary rods and other devices to enable or facilitate
healing. Rigid fixation prevents micro-motion across lines of fracture to enable healing and prevent infection, which happens when implants such as plates (e.g.
dynamic compression plate) are used. ORIF techniques often are used in cases involving serious fractures such as
comminuted or displaced fractures or, in cases where the bone otherwise would not heal correctly with casting or splinting alone. Risks and complications may include bacterial colonization of the bone,
infection,
stiffness and loss of range of motion, non-union, mal-union, damage to the muscles, nerve damage and palsy,
arthritis,
tendonitis, chronic
pain associated with plates, screws, and pins,
compartment syndrome,
deformity, audible popping and snapping, and possible future surgeries to remove the hardware. == Closed reduction ==