Avena sterilis

Appearance Avena sterilis is a stout, broad-leaved grass that grows up to tall. At maturity, it has leaf blades that are up to long, and wide. s It has an inflorescence that is either an equilateral or a slightly one-sided panicle. The spikelets usually have 3 florets, Varieties and subspecies One can distinguish between the two subspecies, A. sterilis sterilis and A. sterilis ludoviciana, using the size of the reproductive parts of the flower. Reproduction A. sterilis is hexaploid. with a life cycle that mirrors many cereal crops. Distribution A. sterilis is native to the Mediterranean Basin and West, Central and South Asia, but is widely naturalized elsewhere. New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, It is a host to the protist plant pathogen Sclerophthora macrospora. It is also a wild host to Petrobia latens, commonly known as the brown wheat mite. It is also susceptible to the wheat dwarf virus. ==Relationship to humans==

Ancestor of domesticated oats Genetic analysis has shown that A. sterilis grass indigenous to Southwest Asia, and modern Iran, Iraq, and Turkey is the progenitor of domesticated oat crops such as A. sativa and A. byzantina.. Its protein content may be as high as 30%. Modern agricultural weed A. sterilis produces seeds that are difficult to separate from grain. Castillejo-González et al., 2014 locate A. sterilis infested fields with almost perfect accuracy using QuickBird (satellite imagery) and various image classifiers. Herbicide resistance Avena sterilis ssp. ludoviciana with multiple herbicide resistance - at 2 sites of action (SOAs) - was first observed in Kermanshah, Khuzestan, Iran, in winter wheat cultivation in 2010. These populations are known to be resistant to clodinafop-propargyl, iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium, and mesosulfuron-methyl. Resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl in Asl (and A. fatua) has evolved in several fields in England. Although these Asl and A. fatua are also hybridising, it remains unproven if this is why they both have resistance, or in which direction this has occurred. A. sterilis populations in Greece are almost all resistant to diclofop but susceptible to most other herbicides, including others of the same MOA (i.e., AACase inhibitors). However, most Greek populations do have diclofop resistance and some other resistance to at least one other herbicide. ==References==