The genre has its roots in
Sheridan le Fanu's novella
Carmilla about the love of a female vampire for a young woman: Sometimes after an hour of apathy, my strange and beautiful companion would take my hand and hold it with a fond pressure, renewed again and again; blushing softly, gazing in my face with languid and burning eyes, and breathing so fast that her dress rose and fell with the tumultuous respiration. It was like the ardour of a lover; it embarrassed me; it was hateful and yet overpowering; and with gloating eyes she drew me to her, and her hot lips travelled along my cheek in kisses; and she would whisper, almost in sobs, 'You are mine, you shall be mine, and you and I are one for ever'. (
Carmilla, Chapter 4). Carmilla is a constant presence in the protagonist, Laura's life. in the scene in which the title character, portrayed by
Gloria Holden, preys upon an attractive girl she has invited to her house to pose for her.
Universal highlighted Countess Zaleska's attraction to women in some of its original advertising for the film, using the tag line "Save the women of London from Dracula's Daughter!" Le Fanu's
Carmilla was adapted by
Roger Vadim as
Blood and Roses in 1960. Hammer's trilogy actually had fewer lesbian elements as it progressed. In 2023,
Dark Horse Comics's Berger Books imprint published the comic
Carmilla: The First Vampire written by
Amy Chu and illustrated by Soo Lee. The story introduces Carmilla to 1990s New York, and the protagonist consults
In a Glass Darkly while investigating the mysterious deaths of various LGBT+ women. For writing the comic, Chu won the
Bram Stoker Award for
Superior Achievement in a Graphic Novel ==In other media==