Born to an Irish Catholic family in Kildare, now known as
Geelong West, Victoria, he was baptised John Feltham Archibald, but changed his forenames in later life "when he became an enthusiast in everything French". Contemporary associates affectionately knew him as "Archie" and expressed admiration for his journalistic flair, literary perspicacity and culinary talents. He was also a target of humour because of his pretentious name change (pronounced "Jules Franswa") and false pretensions to having a part-Scottish father and a French Jewish mother. public servant and miner in Victoria and
Queensland, Archibald arrived in
Sydney in 1878, where he formed a partnership with
John Haynes and
William Macleod, and on 31 January 1880 they launched
The Bulletin as a weekly paper of political, business and literary news.
William Henry Traill became a partner in 1882, and the following year Archibald left for two years in London. When he returned in 1886, the magazine was struggling, and Archibald bought out the other partners. Under Archibald's sole control, and with
A. G. Stephens as his literary editor,
The Bulletin became Australia's leading outlet for poets, cartoonists, and authors of fiction and humour. Archibald had no life outside the magazine and devoted his every waking hour to it. It was his decision to open
The Bulletin's pages to contributions from readers, and his brand of radical, republican, xenophobic politics that the magazine reflected for the 16 years he controlled its content. In 1902, Archibald's health broke down and he resigned the editorship, though retaining overall control. Unable to rest, he launched a new monthly magazine,
The Lone Hand. But soon afterwards, he had a complete collapse and spent several years in the
Callan Park Hospital for the Insane. Even from there, he kept writing, and in 1907 published
The Genesis of The Bulletin, an important source for the history of the magazine. Archibald's health never really recovered, and, in 1914, he sold his interest in
The Bulletin. He died in Sydney on 10 September 1919 and is buried in
Waverley Cemetery. In his will, he made the two bequests by which he is best remembered by the general public: funds for the
Archibald Fountain in Sydney's
Hyde Park, which he specified must be designed by a French sculptor, and the
Archibald Prize for portraiture, now Australia's most prestigious art prize. ==References==