Jack Mapanje

The child of Nyanja and Yao parents, John Alfred Clement ("Jack") Mapanje was born in Kadango Village, Mangochi District, Malawi. He was an active member of the Malawi Writers Group. He subsequently became head of the Department of Language and Linguistics at the University of Malawi. ==Imprisonment==

During the rule of President Hastings Banda, Mapanje was jailed without charge in 1987, apparently for publishing his poem collection Of Chameleons and Gods. The book received no official ban, but was "withdrawn from circulation". Amnesty International declared him a prisoner of conscience and campaigned for his release. Mapanje was also awarded the 1990 PEN/Barbara Goldsmith Freedom to Write Award during his imprisonment, which carried a US$3,000 cash award. PEN's president, US novelist Larry McMurtry, stated that "the point [of the award] is to generate enough heat so Mapanje gets out of jail". Nigerian Nobel laureate Wole Soyinka and UK playwright Ronald Harwood also campaigned for his release. Mapanje was held for three-and-a-half years before being released in 1991. which was also adapted into a play. ==Exile==

After arriving in the UK, Mapanje was awarded a fellowship at The University of York. He later became a visiting professor at Leeds University. He also taught creative writing in prisons. In 1994, he returned to Malawi with BBC2 to make a documentary. ==Chameleon politics==

He is credited for applying the term "chameleon politics" to describe a political environment where politicians switch parties and forge alliances without transparency or notice in rapidly changing political environments where party switching, floor crossing, and coalition formations are rampant. The notion is described in his 1981 book, Of Chameleons and Gods. ==Works==

• Of Chameleons and Gods, 1981 • On the Interpretation of Aspect and Tense in Chiyao, Chicheŵa, and English. University College London Ph.D. thesis, 1983 • The Chattering Wagtails of Mikuyu Prison, 1993 • (Editor) Gathering Seaweed: African Prison Writing, Pearson Education, 2002 • The Last of the Sweet Bananas: New and Selected Poems, 2004 • The Beasts of Nalunga, 2007 • And Crocodiles are Hungry at Night – a memoir. Ayebia Clarke Publishing, 2011 ==Awards==

• 1988: Rotterdam Poetry International Award • 1990: PEN/Barbara Goldsmith Freedom to Write Award • 2002: African Literature Association (USA) Fonlon-Nichols Award ==References==