Early career Born in
Le Neubourg,
Normandy, he was a lawyer at the
parlement of Normandy when the
French Revolution began. During the
First Republic and the
First Empire, he filled successive judicial offices at
Louviers,
Rouen and
Évreux. He had adopted revolutionary principles, and in 1798 began his political life as a member of the
French Directory's
Council of Five Hundred. In 1813 he became a member of the
Corps législatif and, during the
Hundred Days, was vice-president of the
chamber of deputies. When the
Seventh Coalition armies entered Paris, he drew up the declaration asserting the necessity of maintaining the principles of government that had been established at the Revolution. He was chosen as one of the commissioners to negotiate with the Coalition sovereigns.
Prominence From 1817 until 1849 (through the
Bourbon Restoration and the July Monarchy) he was, without interruption, a member of the chamber of deputies, and he acted consistently with the Liberal opposition, of which he was the virtual leader. For a few months in 1830 he held office as
Minister of Justice, but, finding himself out of harmony with his colleagues, resigned before the end of the year and resumed his place in the opposition.
Second Republic When the
1848 Revolution began, Dupont de l'Eure was made President of the provisional assembly, being its oldest member. On the same day, he was made President of the Provisional Government, becoming France's de facto
Head of State. He can therefore be considered as France's first Presidential Head of State, though
Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, later in the same year, was the first to formally bear the title of
President of the French Republic. His prestige and popularity prevented the heterogeneous republican coalition from having to immediately agree upon a common leader. Due to his great age (upon entering office, he was just a few days short of his 81st birthday), Dupont de l'Eure effectively delegated part of his duties to Minister of Foreign Affairs
Alphonse de Lamartine. On 4 May, he resigned in order to make way for the
Executive Commission, which he declined to join. He supported
Louis-Eugène Cavaignac against Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte. In 1849, having failed to secure his re-election to the chamber, he retired from public life. His consistency in defending the cause of
constitutional liberalism throughout the many changes of his times gained him the respect of many of his countrymen, who referred to Dupont de l'Eure as "
Aristides of the French tribune". ==References==