Jacques Fesch

Fesch was born in Saint-Germain-en-Laye to Georges Fesch and Athalie "Marthe" Hallez. Georges, who claimed to be a part of the Fesch noble family, was a wealthy banker of Belgian origin, who came to France in the 1920s. Georges was an artist and atheist who was distant from his son. Jacques grew up with two older sisters and was doted on by his mother, a pious Catholic. From 1938 to 1947, he attended Saint-Érembert School and Claude-Debussy High School, both Catholic schools. Jacques was raised Catholic, but abandoned religion by the age of 17, after his parents divorced. He was expelled the same year from high school for laziness and misconduct. Without a baccalauréat, Fesch began frequenting jazz clubs in Saint-Germain-des-Prés in Paris, where he developed a reputation as a womaniser. He completed military duty between 1950 and 1951 in West Germany, earning the rank of corporal and a good conduct certificate. Fesch's army record listed him as a poor marksman. He reconciled with his parents and took a job at his father's bank. After being dismissed from the bank job, Fesch developed an interest in sailing after reading the books ''Seul à travers l'Atlantique and À la poursuite du soleil'' by Alain Gerbault. Disillusioned with his life, Fesch dreamed of escaping to sail around the South Pacific Ocean, but his parents refused to pay for a boat. He nonetheless issued the construction of a sail boat in La Rochelle. ==Crime==

To fund the payment for the boat, Fesch decided to rob the Comptoir de Change et de Numismatique money changer office, operated by Alexandre Silberstein, in the 2nd arrondissment of Paris. To this end, Fesch placed an order for two gold ingots, one 100 napoléon coin, forty-four 20 napoléon coins and twenty 50 peseta coins, totalling a worth of 2 million franc, stole a revolver from his father and convinced his best friend Jacques "Criquet" Robbe to accompany him to the money changer, not informing Robbe of his plans. At around 5 p.m. on 24 February 1954, Fesch and Robbe went to Silberstein's business on rue Saint-Marc, where Fesch pulled his revolver from a large bag. Realising that Fesch was robbing the place, Robbe immediately left the premises and called for help outside, shouting "Quick, my best friend is doing something stupid" ("Vite, mon meilleur ami est en train de faire une bêtise"). Fesch locked the door and began demanding the gold from the elderly shopkeeper. Silberstein asked Fesch to reconsider, stating that he was a veteran and that Fesch was going to ruin his own life with the robbery. Fesch then pistol-whipped Silberstein twice, knocking him to the ground, but not rendering him unconscious. Silberstein was able to raise the alarm, startling Fesch, who dropped his gun and, while picking it back up, accidentally shot himself in the left hand. Fesch grabbed 300,000 franc from the cash register and fled the scene. Fesch was chased by several passersby, but lost them by hiding on the fifth floor of an apartment building on 9 Boulevard des Italiens. During his escape, Fesch had lost his glasses. The concierge had spotted Fesch entering and flanked down 35-year-old police officer Jean-Baptiste Vergne to tell him of his find. A crowd had gathered in the building's lobby, and having noticed the commotion, Fesch attempted to sneak past. A passerby alerted the others of Fesch's presence, causing Officer Vergne to draw his gun and order Fesch's surrender. Fesch fired his revolver without aiming while the weapon was still in his coat. Vergne was struck in the heart and killed instantly. During his flight, Fesch also injured passerby Raymond Lenoir in the neck when he tried to intervene. After firing another two shots at his pursuers, Fesch ran into Richelieu-Drouot metro station, which had its gates closed. Finally, 28-year-old Georges Plissier overpowered Fesch and disarmed him. Murdering a police officer was a heinous crime, and public opinion, inflamed by newspaper reports, was strongly in favour of his execution. The Cour d'assises of Paris condemned him to death on 6 April 1957 after a three-day trial. The same court tried Jacques Robbe and Jean Blot, who allegedly planned the robbery with Fesch, and found them not guilty. Robbe claimed that the death sentence for Fesch was the result of pressure by several police unions on the ministry of justice, alleging that the unions would have refused to provide security detail for an upcoming visit of Queen Elizabeth II on 8 April. == Religious conversion ==

Early into his imprisonment, Fesch was indifferent to his plight and mocked the Catholic faith of his lawyer Paul Baudet, whom he nicknamed: "the panther of God". However, after a year in prison, he experienced a profound religious conversion, became very pious, and bitterly regretted his crime. He corresponded regularly with a Catholic monk from his hometown, Brother Thomas, and his family, notably his mother and mother-in-law, who sent him material related to the Three Secrets of Fátima and kept a spiritual journal. or "Holy Virgin, have pity on me!". An appeal for clemency to President René Coty failed, and he was executed on 1 October 1957. ==Legacy==

After his death, his wife and daughter honoured his memory as an example of redemption. At first, he was excoriated by the public, but with the work of Sister Véronique, a Carmelite nun, and Lawyer Augustin-Michel Lemonnier, the family effected publication of his writings, and from the 1970s these served as an inspiration to many. On 21 September 1987, the Archbishop of Paris, Cardinal Jean-Marie Lustiger, opened a diocesan inquiry into his life; the cause for his beatification was formally opened in 1993. This has proved controversial, with those who feel his early crimes make him unfitting as a role model opposed to those who emphasize the hope of his final conversion. His writings have often been quoted in Catholic publications. His personal journal and letters to his mother and Brother Thomas are often about mystical or theological matters. == Theatrical plays about Fesch ==

Fesch's conversion is often cited in Christian writings about forgiveness of the sinner. Inspired by the true events of this "murderer turned Christian," the students of Ss Cyril and Method High School in Nitra, Slovakia, under the direction of Maria Marthe Galová, wrote and performed a theatrical play, "Spomeň si na mňa" (Remember Me), which is based on the life and conversion of Jacques. The play premiered on 11 March 2018, in the Andrej Bagar Theatre, Nitra. ==References==

• (In Spanish): El reflejo de lo oscuro. By Javier Sicilia, FCE, Mexico, 1997, • (In French) Gilbert Collard «Assasaint : Jacques Fesch, l'histoire du bon larron moderne » (Editions Presses de la Renaissance) == Bibliography ==

• Association "Les Amis de Jacques Fesch". Website in French: https://web.archive.org/web/20130113034221/http://amisdejacquesfesch.fr/ == General references ==

• by Fr. Oliviero Bruno, Catholic Chaplain in Poggioreale Jail in Naples