James Burrill Jr. was a Federalist-party United States senator representing the state of Rhode Island. He served in the Senate from 1817 until 1820, and was previously the Chief Justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court in 1816 and 1817 and the state's attorney general from 1797 to 1814. He graduated from the College of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations at Providence in 1788. In 1797, he was an unsuccessful candidate in a special election for Congress.