Robinson was first elected to public office in 1868, when he was chosen to represent Macon County in the
North Carolina House of Representatives. He served there until 1875, the last three years as House Speaker. Robinson then moved up to the state senate, where he served three terms between 1876 and 1880, including one as
Senate President Pro Tempore. As president pro tempore, Robinson became (unofficially) acting
lieutenant governor in 1879, after
Thomas Jordan Jarvis's succession to the governorship. He was elected Lt. Governor is his own right in the 1880 election on the
Democratic ticket with Jarvis. Robinson served as acting
Governor of North Carolina for four weeks in September 1883 when Governor Jarvis left the state for an extended period to attend an exhibition. The most notable events of his administration were two official pardons granted to prisoners, one to a dying
Cherokee man, and one to a murderer who Robinson judged acted in self-defense. Robinson resigned as the lieutenant governor on October 31, 1884 in order to be a candidate for the state house. He was elected to the state house from Macon County and served in the legislature of 1885. ==Later life and death==