Japanese submarine I-152

Following World War I, the Imperial Japanese Navy General Staff began to re-consider submarine warfare as an element of fleet strategy. Before the war, the Imperial Japanese Navy regarded submarines as useful only for short-range coastal point defense. However, based on the success of the Imperial German Navy in the deployment of long-range cruiser submarines for commerce raiding Japanese strategists came to realize possibilities for using the weapon for long range reconnaissance, and in a war of attrition against an enemy fleet approaching Japan. Although a large, long-range Japanese submarine had already been authorized in fiscal 1918 under the Eight-six fleet program as Project S22 (later designated ), a second prototype with a different design (the future I-52) was authorized in fiscal year 1919. ==Design==

The first Kaidai prototype, Project S22, was based on the latest Royal Navy design, the British K class submarine; it became the Kaidai I type submarine I-51. The second Kaidai prototype, the Kaidai II type, was based on the German Type U 139 submarine. This second prototype was designated Project S25. With improved Sulzer diesel engines, I-52 had a single hull and two engines, rather than the double-hull, four-engine design of I-51. The greater power and more streamlined shape gave a slightly higher surface speed than that of I-51, or even the Imperial German Navy submarine U-135, but with reduced range. I-52 thus was the only Kaidai II-type submarine constructed. ==Construction and commissioning==

Project S25 was laid down as at the Kure Naval Arsenal in Kure, Japan, on either 14 February or 2 April 1922, according to different sources, and she was launched on 12 June 1923. Renumbered I-52 on 1 November 1924, she was completed and commissioned on 20 May 1925. ==Operational history==

Pre-World War II On the day of her commissioning, I-52 was attached to the Kure Naval District. and I-52 was assigned directly to the Kure Naval District that day. Sources are unclear on I-52′s status in the latter half of the 1930s and at the beginning of the 1940s. She may have become a stationary training ship at the Maizuru Naval Engineering School as early as mid-1935, or her assignment to the school may not have occurred until 15 December 1938. She also was reassigned to the Maizuru Naval District for this duty, but sources disagree on whether this reassignment took place on 15 December 1938 or 1 February 1939. She was reattached to the Kure Naval District either on 31 July 1941 or 8 December 1941. World War II On 8 December 1941 — the day the Pacific campaign of World War II began in East Asia, which was 7 December 1941 on the other side of the International Date Line in Hawaii, where Japan began the war in the Pacific with its attack on Pearl Harbor — I-52 was assigned to the Kure Guard Force in the Kure Naval District for duty as a training ship in the Seto Inland Sea, based at Kure. Sometime after 10 April 1942, she also took part in testing different submarine garbage disposal units. She was renumbered on 20 May 1942. I-152 was placed in reserve on 14 July 1942 and removed from the navy list on 1 August 1942. Renamed Haikan No. 14 ("Hulk No. 14"), she became a stationary training hulk at the submarine school at Kure. She later was transferred to the Hirao branch of the Ōtake Submarine School in Yamaguchi Prefecture. When hostilities with the Allies of World War II ended on 15 August 1945, she was laid up at Hirao. Haikan No. 14 was scrapped at the former Kure Naval Arsenal between 1946 and 1948. ==References==