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Jaulian

Jaulian is a ruined Buddhist monastery dating from the 2nd century CE, located in Taxila, in Pakistan.

Location
Jaulian is located on a hill 100 metres above the nearby modern village of Jaulian. The cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad are approximately 35 km and 45 km to the southeast, respectively and situated near Khanpur Taxila road; a picnic place near Khanpur Dam. Jaulian is located near the Mohra Muradu monastery, and the ancient Taxilan city of Sirsukh. Moreover, Piplan Remains, Badalpur Stupa and Jinnah Wali Dheri Stupa are nearby places. ==History==
History
Jaulian was built in the 2nd-century CE – around the same time as the nearby Mohra Muradu Jaulian, along with the rest of Ancient Taxila, was devastated in the 450s CE during the invasion of the White Huns, and later abandoned. Subsequent rulers, such as the Hun King Mihirakula, persecuted the region's Buddhists, and the site never recovered. ==Excavations==
Excavations
The ruins at Jaulian are situated on a hill top, and consist of: a main central stupa, 27 peripheral smaller stupas, 59 small chapels displaying scenes from the life of Buddha, and two quadrangles around which monastic living quarters were arranged. The form and building of Jaulian is similar to that of the nearby Mohra Muradu. Monastery The monastery at Jaulian is similar to that of nearby Mohra Muradu. Jaulian monastery was a two-level building that contained 28 students' rooms on the first floor, and 28 more on the second floor. The two levels are connected by stone stairs which are still preserved. Some of the rooms contain preserved statues of the Buddha. Each room had a niche to hold lamps, and a window offering a source of fresh air and natural light. The windows were designed to be narrower at the outer edge, of and larger at the inner edge in order guard against wild animals. The rooms were plastered and decorated with plasterwork and paintings. As was common at other large monasteries in the Gandhara region such as Takht-i-Bahi and Dharmarajika, a section of the monastery was set aside specifically for the production of Buddhist manuscripts, typically on birch bark, a highly perishable material. The monastery further contained a large pool that was used for washing, and a kitchen. A stone for grinding spices is well- preserved at the site, as well as two stone mills that were used to grind grains. ==Gallery==
Gallery
Image:Jaulian_taxila.jpg|A view of the Jaulian ruins Image:JaulianTomb.JPG|A votive Stupa at Jaulian Image:JaulianNavel.JPG|"Healing Buddha," Buddha with a navel hole Image:JaulianInscription.JPG|An inscription under a statue at Jaulian Jaulian Monastery foreigner.jpg|Devotee in foreign dress (Indo-Scythian) Image:JaulianStairs.JPG|Stairs to the second floor Image:JaulianWindow.JPG|The window of a students room Image:JaulianPool.JPG|The pool for ritual washings Jaulian Stupa A11 reliquary.jpg|Stupa-shaped reliquary from Jaulian Image:JaulianMill2.JPG|A mill for grinding grains Image:JaulianTaxilaSilverReliquaryAndContent.jpg|A silver reliquary recovered from Jaulian, now on display at the British Museum Taxila map.jpg|Jaulian is located to the northeast of Sirkap ==See also==
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