Mumbai Born in
Mumbai,
Maharashtra, Rane joined the
Mumbai youth team in 2008. During the
2012 I-League U20, Rane ended as the league top scorer with thirteen goals. Rane then scored his first professional goal for the club the next season on 18 October 2013, also against Salgaocar. His 85th-minute strike was the only one though for Mumbai as the club lost 3–1.
Chennaiyin 2014 season In July 2014, it was announced that Rane would be among 84 Indian players who would be a part of the
2014 ISL Inaugural Domestic Draft, being available on loan from
Mumbai. On 23 July 2014, he was drafted in the ninth round of the draft by
Chennaiyin. He made his debut for Chennaiyin on 25 October 2014 against
Delhi Dynamos. He came on as a halftime substitute for
Balwant Singh as Chennaiyin lost 3–1.
2015 season Rane returned to Chennaiyin for the
2015 season. On 20 December 2015, Rane came on as a 68th-minute substitute for
Jeje Lalpekhlua in the
2015 Indian Super League final against
Goa. In the end, Chennaiyin won the match 3–2, scoring two goals in stoppage time, to win the
Indian Super League final.
2016 season The
2016 season began well for Rane. He started the club's first match of the season against the 2014 champions,
Atlético de Kolkata, and he scored his first goal for the club which tied the match at the time 1–1. In the end, Chennaiyin could only come away from the match with a 2–2 draw. His performance during the match lead to Rane being named the "Emerging Player of the Match".
Aizawl FC (loan) Following the appointment of former
Mumbai FC head coach
Khalid Jamil to
Aizawl FC, Rane was signed by the club on loan from
Mumbai FC for the
2016-17 I-League season, with the deal being confirmed on 5 January 2017. He made his debut for the club in a 1-1 draw away against
East Bengal FC. He scored his first
Aizawl FC goal in the
Northeast Derby against
Shillong Lajong, the eventual match-winning goal in the 63rd minute, sending the club to the top of the table. The club stayed at the top of the table, eventually winning the
I-League after a 1-1 draw against
Shillong Lajong in the final game of the season. This was a momentous occasion not just for the club, but for the entire region, as Aizawl became the first club from the north-east to win the I-League title. Rane was a key part of the team, playing every game of the season either in midfield, or out wide as a winger.
ATK Rane was bought by
Atletico de Kolkata in the draft for the 2017 season in ISL. He played 13 games in the season without registering a goal or an assist. He signed a contract extension on 20 March 2018 with the club. On 2 December, in the match against
Chennaiyin FC he scored his first goal for his club
ATK.
Bengaluru FC In July 2021, Rane moved to
Bengaluru FC and debuted on 15 August in a 1–0 win over Maldivian side
Club Eagles, in
2021 AFC Cup playoffs. In that match, he scored the winner.
Mumbai City (loan) On 22 July 2023, Rane joined
Mumbai City on a season-long loan. Coincidentally, this was his second stint at a Mumbai-based club, having made 64 appearances for the now-defunct
Mumbai FC. He made his debut for
Mumbai away versus
Odisha FC, in a thrilling 2–2 draw as a 74th minute substitute for
Vinit Rai. He got his first assist for
Mumbai City in the club's determined 2-1 fightback victory at home versus
Punjab FC, laying the ball off to
Greg Stewart, who scored from long range. He also played a brilliant through ball to
Lallianzuala Chhangte after the ball was won back from
Punjab's kick-off, who then passed to
Jorge Pereyra Diaz, who scored the go-ahead goal, and what was eventually the winning goal. Both goals were scored within a remarkable 52 seconds of each other, with Stewart's strike coming at 81:03, and Diaz's finish going into the net at 81:55. He made his first
AFC Champions League appearance of his career away against
Al-Hilal SFC as an 80th minute substitute for
Jorge Pereyra Diaz, in an eventual 6–0 loss for The Islanders. The crowning moment of Rane's stint came during the first leg of ISL Playoff semi-final away against
FC Goa. Coming on as a substitute in the 64th minute with Mumbai 2–0 down, Jayesh assisted
Lallianzuala Chhangte twice, in the 90th minute and the 96th minute, as Mumbai came back to win 2–3. After a 2-0 win in the second leg at home, Mumbai played against
Mohun Bagan SG in the ISL final, where they won 3-1. Jayesh started the game, eventually coming off in the 76th minute for
Vinit Rai.
Mumbai City On 20 June 2024,
Mumbai City FC announced that Jayesh Rane had joined the club permanently on a one-year deal, following the expiry of his
Bengaluru FC contract. ==International career==