He is a member of the
Polish Academy of Sciences and a professor at the
Jagiellonian University since 1993. As a historian, he specializes in the history of Poland in the 19th century. He was an activist of the
Solidarity movement in
communist Poland. After the
fall of communism, he was a member of the
Democratic Union (UD) and
Freedom Union (UW) parties. He was a deputy to the Polish parliament (
Sejm) from 1989 to 1997. Afterwards, he was a Deputy Minister in the
cabinet of Jerzy Buzek (1997–2001). Afterwards, he retired from active politics. In 2007, Zdrada was awarded the Commander's Cross with Star of the
Order of Polonia Restituta. ==Works==