Falletta was raised in the borough of
Queens in an Italian-American household. She was educated at the
Mannes College of Music and
The Juilliard School in New York City. She began her musical career as a guitar and mandolin player and in her twenties was often called to perform with the
Metropolitan Opera and
New York Philharmonic when a work called for a mandolin or guitar obbligato. Falletta entered Mannes in 1972 as a guitar student but began conducting the student orchestra in her freshman year, which initiated her interest in a conducting career. While the Mannes administration at that time expressed doubts about the ability of any woman to gain a music directorship, it consented to an official transfer of emphasis for Falletta. After graduation, she pursued further study at
Queens College (M.A. in orchestral conducting) and the Juilliard School of Music (M.M., D.M.A. in orchestral conducting). Falletta studied conducting with such conductors as
Jorge Mester,
Sixten Ehrling, and
Semyon Bychkov and also participated in master classes with
Leonard Bernstein. Falletta's first permanent engagement was as music director of the Jamaica Symphony Orchestra, a position she held from 1977 to 1989. She served as music director of the Denver Chamber Orchestra from 1983 to 1992 and as associate conductor of the
Milwaukee Symphony Orchestra from 1985 to 1988. From 1986 to 1996, she served as music director of the
Bay Area Women's Philharmonic. She was music director of the
Long Beach Symphony Orchestra from 1989 to 2000. In 1991, Falletta was appointed the eleventh music director of the
Virginia Symphony Orchestra (VSO), a position she held for 29 years through 2021 when she was named the Connie and Marc Jacobson Music Director Laureate. During her tenure, the Virginia Symphony performed at Carnegie Hall in New York and the Kennedy Center in Washington and released 18 recordings including discs on the Naxos label, Albany Records, NPR and the orchestra’s own Hampton Roads label. In May 1998, Falletta was named music director of the
Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra, and she formally took up the post with the 1999–2000 season. When she was appointed, she became the first female conductor to lead a major American orchestra. During her tenure in Buffalo, the orchestra has made recordings for
Naxos Records and returned to
Carnegie Hall after a 20-year absence. In 2004, the orchestra and television station
WNED established the
JoAnn Falletta International Guitar Concerto Competition. Following several contract extensions through her tenure, the Buffalo Philharmonic announced, in April 2025, the most recent extension of her contract as its music director through the 2028-2029 season. In 2011, Falletta was appointed artistic director of the
Hawaii Symphony Orchestra. In 2011, she was appointed the principal guest conductor of the Brevard Music Institute, where she continues to serve through the 2023 season. Outside of the U.S., Falletta first guest-conducted the
Ulster Orchestra in August 2010, and returned for further concerts in January 2011. In May 2011, Falletta was named the 12th principal conductor of the Ulster Orchestra, effective with the 2011–2012 season, with an initial contract of 3 years. She was the first American and the first female conductor to be appointed the orchestra's principal conductor. She concluded her Ulster Orchestra tenure after the 2013-2014 season. She has conducted over 100 North American orchestras and many of the most prominent orchestras in Europe, South America and Asia. She was also the first woman to conduct the orchestra of the
National Theatre Mannheim. She is portrayed in the documentary film
Call Me Madame Maestro, produced and directed by Swedish film maker Christina Olofson. The film was named Best Documentary Feature at the NYFA New York International Film Awards in February 2022. Call Me Madame Maestro is a follow-up to Olofson's 1987 Swedish documentary
A Woman Is a Risky Bet: Six Orchestra Conductors, where JoAnn Falletta appears conducting the Queens Philharmonic in
Stravinsky’s
The Rite of Spring in rehearsal and performance. Falletta has recorded over 120 albums for such labels as Naxos, featuring works by Brahms, Barber, and Schubert, and women composers such as
Fanny Mendelssohn,
Clara Schumann,
Lili Boulanger, and
Germaine Tailleferre, in addition to contemporary composers such as John Corigliano. In 2025,
Omaha Symphony announced Falletta would be the 2025-2026 Principal Guest Conductor and Artistic Advisor. ==Awards==