Johann Baptist Franzelin was born 15 April 1816, in Aldein, Austria, the son of Pellegrino and Anna Wieser Franzelin. Despite their poverty, his parents sent him at an early age to the neighboring Franciscan college at
Bolzano. In 1834, he entered the
Society of Jesus at
Graz, and after some years spent in higher studies and teaching in
Austrian Poland began in 1845 his course of theology in the
Roman college of the Society, where he acted as an assistant in
Hebrew, in which he was especially proficient. Driven from Rome by the revolution of 1848, he went successively to England, Belgium, and France, where he was ordained in 1849. In 1850, he returned to the Roman college as assistant professor of dogma and lecturer on
Arabic,
Syriac, and
Chaldean. In 1853, he became prefect of studies in the German college, and, in 1857, professor of
dogmatic theology in the Roman college, where he remained for nineteen years, winning for himself by his lectures and publications a foremost place among the theologians of that time. During this period, he acted as Consultor to several Roman Congregations and aided in the preliminaries of the
First Vatican Council. In 1876, despite his protests, he was raised to the cardinalate by
Pope Pius IX, and participated in the papal conclave of 1878 which elected
Pope Leo XIII. Though of delicate heath, the appointment made little change in his scrupulously simple lifestyle. As a
cardinal, his sole departure from strict adherence to the Jesuit rule was to omit the daily recreation. Moreover, though constantly engaged as prefect of the Congregation of Indulgences and Relics and consultor of several other congregations, he steadily refused the aid of a secretary. His entire income as cardinal he distributed among the poor, the foreign
missions, and converts whose property had been seized by the Italian government. Cardinal Franzelin died in Rome on 11 December 1886. On the centenary of his death, his remains were exhumed and transferred to the parish church of his native Aldein. ==Works==