After receiving his basic education in public schools in
Nuremberg, he attended the
Academy of Fine Arts there. Although he began as a painter, he was soon attracted to engraving and began formal studies with
Samuel Amsler. At first, he concentrated on small plates for book publishers but, even then, his mature pictorial style became apparent. Eventually, in 1866, on the recommendation of Julius Thaeter (1804–1870), he was appointed to succeed the latter as Professor of Engraving at the
Academy of Fine Arts, Munich. ==References==