John Lhotsky

Lhotsky, whose first name is also given as Joannes Lhotsky, Johann Lhotsky and Jan Lhotsky, was born in Lemberg, Galicia, Austrian Empire (now Lviv, Ukraine), the son of Joseph Lhotsky. He moved to Vienna in 1812 and was awarded his doctorate from the University of Jena. He became a member of the Bavarian Botanical Society during this period. In 1819 he published a botanical work Flora Conchica, and other papers for scientific journals, however, his political writing led to a prison sentence of six years. He was released in 1828. ==Travel to Australia==

Lhotsky was commissioned, by Ludwig I of Bavaria to explore and describe the 'new world', spending eighteen months in Brazil before travelling to Australia. He landed at Sydney on 18 May 1832, moved to Hobart in 1836, and sailed to London 1838. While in Australia, and after his return to Europe, he published seminal works on a range of topics. In addition to his books and articles, his works include landscape paintings, and zoological and botanical illustrations. He produced numerous articles for newspapers and scientific journals, describing his investigations of the natural history of Australia. His first work on this topic is supposed to have been 'Australian sketches, no l', anonymously published in the Sydney Gazette. The account of his expedition, A Journey from Sydney to the Australian Alps, was important for the description of the Monaro region and Snowy River. One article, Song of the Women of the Menero Tribe, gives the earliest specimen of Australian music. His unpublished works include a vocabulary of the Tasmanian peoples. He published art criticism in Sydney from 1834 onwards, and is noted as the first to do so, describing the possibilities of the Australian landscape as a subject and its absence in the colony's active artists. Lhotsky obtained an interview with William Buckley. Lhotsky made important scientific collections and discoveries while in Australia, although he did not succeed in gaining the posts he sought as the official zoologist or naturalist. He attempted to sell his scientific specimens to the authorities, for the foundation of a collection at the Australian Museum, but his offer was rejected with a comment that the price was too high. Lhotsky made early collections of Alpine flora in New South Wales, and arranged a collection of 200 species from Tasmania. His artwork was also advertised and raffled, depicting scenes of the Australian landscape and its unique flora. ==After Australia==

After arriving in London he wrote ''The state of arts in New South Wales and Van Diemen's Land, the first review of art in Australia. and placed letters from Bauer, written on the Investigator'' expedition to Australia, with the Linnean Society of London. the only one for a century after Bauer's death. After his arrival in London, Lhotsky continued to publish material on politics and social commentary, as he had in Vienna and Australia. He died at the Dalston German Hospital in London on 23 November 1866 in apparent dire poverty. Lhotsky was variously appreciated or damned in the colonies. He was frequently published in local newspapers and, later, castigated in the same. His public disputes with officials led to his leaving New South Wales for Tasmania, then two years later for London. He published many articles on his discoveries and experience in Australia for a public eager for information on the colonies, but some of this was described as slanderous in the Sydney Gazette. He found critics in London too. Impey Murchison described him as the "mad Pole". Later commentators recognised the contribution of the scientist and that his failures were due to indiscretion with his monies and criticism. The genus Lhotskia, of the family of fish Belonidae, was named for this author, as were the species of shrubs Lhotskya, later transferred to Calytrix. == References ==