He was born in
Birmingham, and educated at
King Edward's School, Birmingham. He gained a
BSc in General Studies in 1955, and a
PGCE in 1958 from the
University of Leeds. As a
conscientious objector during
National Service he was a hospital porter at
St Bartholomew's Hospital, London. In the 1960s he was a chemistry teacher at the
United Nations International School in New York City. From 1970 to 1988 he was a Lecturer in the School of Education at the
University of Leeds. From 1977 to 1986 he was a
councillor on
West Yorkshire County Council, being the leader 1981–86. He was also a councillor on
Leeds City Council 1986–92. ==Parliamentary career==