John Koukouzeles

The name "Koukouzeles" was not the composer's surname. His real surname was Papadopoulos. "Koukouzeles" is allegedly derived from the Greek word for broad beans (κουκιά, koukia) and a Slavic/Bulgarian word for cabbage (зеле, zele). Allegedly, the name appeared when Koukouzeles was asked in school about the food he was eating and he replied koukia kai zelie (). This, however, is regarded as a folk etymology. The name is most likely derived from the Greek word koukoutzi () along with the common Greek suffix -elis (). A relation with the word koukoutseli (), a Greek word which was used to refer to some kind of bird, has also been proposed. == Life and career ==

Information about Koukouzeles' life and career is unclear and subject to controversy. (probably Greek) He was orphaned in childhood. Nevertheless, the accuracy of Life is disputed, since it was written many years after the death of Koukouzeles and also makes several fantastical claims. this opinion is based on the existence of chromatic intervals in Byzantine music. where he received his education and established himself as one of the leading authorities in his field during the time. A favourite of the Byzantine emperor and a principal choir chanter, he moved to Mount Athos and led a monastic way of life in the Great Lavra. Because of his singing abilities, he was called "Angel-voiced". ==Musical style and compositions==

Koukouzeles established a new melodious ("kalophonic") style of singing out of the sticherarion. Some years after the fall of Constantinople Manuel Chrysaphes characterised the and the as new genres of psaltic art which were once created by Koukouzeles. ==Reception==

In general it is useful to make a distinction between compositions which can be verified as the compositions by Koukouzeles, and those which are simply based on the method which he taught (as a stylistic category based on the as exemplified by Mega Ison). Even concerning famous compositions, their authorship is often a subject of scholarly debates whose concern is not always the talent of one individual composer – like the Polyeleoi of the Bulgarian Additionally, the word Voulgara might not refer to his alleged mother, but instead to the European bee-eater, a bird which was called by the same name. ==Sainthood and legacy==

Koukouzeles is regarded as the most influential figure in the music of his period. He was later recognized as a saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church, his feast day being on 1 October. A musical school in his native Durrës bears his name, Shkolla Jon Kukuzeli. Also, Kukuzel Cove in Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica is named after Koukouzel, using the Bulgarian form of his name. ==See also==