Livingood was born in
Cincinnati, Ohio. He studied at
Princeton University, gaining a Ph.D. in 1929 on the arc spectrum of
platinum. He taught at Princeton and authored the introductory textbook
Experimental Atomic Physics with
Gaylord Harnwell. In 1932 he began research working alongside Seaborg at the
Radiation Laboratory at the
University of California, Berkeley led by
Ernest Lawrence. Livingood was part of a team that identified over a dozen new radioisotopes. From 1938 he worked on the construction of a new
cyclotron at
Harvard University, before joining the secret
Radio Research Laboratory in 1942 to carry out military research. In 1945 he joined
Collins Radio Company working on new cyclotrons for the
Argonne and
Brookhaven National Laboratories. From 1952 he led the design and construction at Argonne of the
Zero Gradient Synchrotron. In 1961 he authored the book
Principles of Cyclic Particle Accelerators and in 1969
The Optics of Dipole Magnets. Livingood died July 21, 1986 aged 83 from complications following a stroke in 1980. He was survived by his wife and two children. == Books ==