Thomas was born on March 31, 1846, in
Wales. At age 3, he emigrated to the United States with his parents. They settled in
Tioga County, Pennsylvania, but he was orphaned at age 7. From then, he lived with a family of neighbors, and, at age 11, he accompanied that family west to
Chippewa County, Wisconsin. They settled in the town of
Anson, Wisconsin, where he was educated in the common schools. Just before his 18th birthday, he volunteered for service in the
Union Army, in the 4th year of the
American Civil War. He was enrolled as a private in Company K in the newly organized
36th Wisconsin Infantry Regiment, and served with that regiment through the end of the war. The 36th Wisconsin Infantry mustered into federal service in March 1864 and went immediately to the
eastern theater of the war. They arrived in time to join Grant's
Overland Campaign, which would grind through Virginia over the spring of 1864, and would spend the next year in the trenches in the
Siege of Petersburg. They then participated in the
Appomattox campaign which culminated in Lee's surrender. Thomas returned to Anson after the war and settled a farm, where he maintained a herd of
dairy cows, producing award-winning butter products. ==Political career==