Political career Josep Rovira i Canals was born into a working-class family, he began working as a bricklayer at the age of 13. Refusing to participate in the
Rif War, he defected and went into exile in France. There he met
Francesc Macià, with whom he collaborated in the preparation of the
plot of Prats de Molló, organized in 1926 by
Estat Català. He returned to
Catalunya where his political ideology evolved into
revolutionary socialism, so after briefly serving in the
Catalan State-Proletarian Party, in
January 1933 he joined the
Workers and Peasants' Bloc (BOC), led by
Joaquín Maurín. In April 1934 he was elected a member of its executive committee. At that time he was also one of the main organizers of the
Popular Encyclopedic Athenaeum of
Barcelona. In this center, he met the BOC activist María Manonelles, who became his partner. In 1934 he was in charge of the direction of the weekly "L’Hora", and in October he developed a broad activity at the head of the BOC Action Groups during the
Revolution of 1934. In
September 1935 the BOC merged with the
Communist Left of Spain, giving rise to the
Workers' Party of Marxist Unification (, POUM), of which Rovira became a member of the executive committee.
Civil War On July 18, 1936, before the
coup d'état, he organized, through the Military Committee he directed, the armed intervention of the POUM combat groups, which together with the
CNT militias, the
Assault Guard and the
Civil Guard, defeated the
uprising in Barcelona. On July 21, the
Central Committee of Antifascist Militias of Catalonia was created, in which Rovira was elected as a representative of the POUM. In August he marched towards
Aragon, where he took command of the party's militia columns fighting on the fronts of
Zaragoza and
Huesca. He came to lead the
Lenin Column, made up of POUM militants. When the militias were militarized, the column became the
29th Division of the
Spanish Republican Army, and Rovira remained as its commander until
June 1937. On June 16, 1937, repression was unleashed against the leaders and militants of the POUM, which claimed the life of
Andreu Nin. That same day, after participating in the
Huesca Offensive, he received an order from the
High Command of the
Eastern Army to report to the Barcelona headquarters. There he was detained by the police. Following protests by the
24th and
28th divisions, which were fighting alongside the 29th,
Indalecio Prieto intervened as
Minister of Defense and Rovira ended up being released. However, the 29th Division was dissolved in
July as part of the POUM's repression process. Despite this, the officers managed to be assigned to other Army units. The POUM was reorganized in hiding during the following period of the Spanish Civil War, with Rovira being elected a member of the clandestine Executive Committee. In October 1938 he was again arrested and imprisoned, although he was not included in the judicial process against the POUM, but was instead accused of participating in the
May Events and other serious accusations. This process could not be completed due to the entry of the
nationalist forces in
Barcelona in January 1939. He managed to be released from the
Barcelona Model Prison by a POUM commander and fled to France when the nationalists were close to the border.
Postwar In exile he participated in the reorganization of the POUM, taking charge of the aid to political prisoners during
World War II, organizing a network in collaboration with the
French Resistance to cross the
Pyrenees with escaped prisoners, Resistance agents and Jews persecuted by the Nazis. On November 10, 1944, a general conference of the POUM in exile was held in
Toulouse. After it, the political evolution of Rovira led him to split, together with a sector of the party, which led to the founding of the
Socialist Movement of Catalonia. In 1965, however, he participated in the events commemorating the 30th anniversary of the founding of the POUM. He died in Paris in 1968, his remains being transferred to
Catalonia a few years later. == References ==