Joseph Maiden was born in
St John's Wood in northwest London. He studied science at the
University of London, but due to ill health he did not complete the course. As part of his treatment he was advised to take a long sea voyage, and so in 1880 he sailed for
New South Wales. In 1881, Maiden was appointed first curator of the Technological Museum in Sydney (now the
Powerhouse Museum), remaining there until 1896. While there, he published an article in 1886 describing what he called "some sixteenth century maps of Australia". These were the so-called Dieppe maps, the Rotz (1547), the Harleian or Dauphin (mid-1540s), and the Desceliers (1550), photo-lithographic reproductions of which had been published by the British Museum in 1885. He was much interested in the native plants, and in his early days was associated with the Rev.
William Woolls in his botanical studies. After his first collection of plants were destroyed in a fire at the Garden Palace near Sydney Botanic Gardens in 1882, he amassed a new collection, which was housed in part of an exhibition hall in the Outer Domain, behind Sydney Hospital. This collection formed the basis for his first book,
The Useful Native Plants of Australia, published in 1889, in which he acknowledged his debt to the work of
Ferdinand von Mueller with whom he had been in correspondence. He had in the previous year brought out Part I of
The Flowering Plants and Ferns of New South Wales, of which other parts appeared in this and in later years. Another valuable work, the
Forest Flora of New South Wales, was published in parts between 1904 and 1924, and his
Illustrations of New South Wales Plants began to appear in 1907. In 1909 Maiden published
Sir Joseph Banks the "father of Australia". In 1916, in collaboration with
Ernst Betche, he published
A Census of New South Wales Plants, and in 1920 Maiden published Part I of
The Weeds of New South Wales. Maiden became the recognised authority on
Acacia and
Eucalyptus. He published about 45 papers, and his eight-volume
A Critical Revision of the Genus Eucalyptus remained a major reference for over fifty years. He convinced his co-author, the artist
Margaret Flockton, to delay her retirement for five years to complete the illustrations. He was the author of numerous species and the collector of type material for many more. Joseph Maiden retired in 1924, and died at
Turramurra, Sydney.
Eucalyptus maidenii is named in his honour. He was also appointed a Companion of the Imperial Service Order in 1916. ==See also==