In the 19th century, the term
lusofobia was often used to describe nationalist sentiments in
Brazil, a former
colony of the
Portuguese Empire, with liberal politicians in
Rio de Janeiro and
Pernambuco advocating the reduction of Portuguese immigration and involvement in the Brazilian economy, although almost all of them
were of Portuguese descent. In
Rio de Janeiro, the "Jacobinos", a small national radical group, were the strongest opponents of the
galegos, the Portuguese immigrants, who have always been the biggest ethnocultural community in Brazil. In the immediate aftermath of
Pedro I of Brazil's downfall in 1831, the poor mixed-race and black people, including slaves, staged anti-Portuguese riots in Salvador. == United Kingdom ==