Brazil The term juridical person ("pessoa jurídica" in
Portuguese) is used in
legal science for designating an entity with rights and liabilities which also has legal personality. Its regulations are largely based on Brazil's Civil Code, where it is distinctly recognized and defined, among other normative documents.
Brazilian law recognizes any association or abstract entity as a juridical person, but registration through a constitutional document is required, with specific requirements depending on the category of juridical person and the local laws of the state and municipality.
China For a typical example of the concept of legal person in a civil law jurisdiction, under the
General Principles of Civil Law of the People's Republic of China, Chapter III, Article 36., "A legal person shall be an organization that has capacity for civil rights and capacity for civil conduct and independently enjoys civil rights and assumes civil obligations in accordance with the law." Note however that the term
civil right means something altogether different in civil law jurisdictions than in common law jurisdictions.
Germany Article 19(3) of the
German Constitution sets forth: "Fundamental rights shall also apply to domestic artificial persons insofar as the nature of such rights shall permit."
Romania In Romania, in most legal literature, there is a clear distinction between natural person (
persoană fizică) and a juridical person (
persoană juridică). When requesting or signing documentation, one must specify as what entity does the person wish to sign as. == See also ==