}}
History Volkswagen introduced the
Volkswagen Type 2 in 1950 and developed
light commercial vehicle versions for German and European markets. The name "Kombi" (the name under which the Type 2 was sold in Brazil) established itself as a concept term to describe an entire
light commercial vehicle segment. The automaker introduced the revised
Volkswagen Type 2 (T2) in 1967. Commercial customers were shipping heavier and larger-volume
freight. The Volkswagen Type 2 platform was also limited by its rear-mounted engine design. A total of 471,221 series 1 LTs were produced between 1975 and 1996.
Design The new design specifications for a larger transporter as an additional series ranged from 2.8
tons
gross vehicle weight to 3.5 tons. The layout was a conventional
rear drive with the engine located above the front
axle, in a forward control or '
cab over' design. The new Volkswagen van was launched in 1975 in
Berlin. The name given to Volkswagen's large transporter was as functional as the entire vehicle: it was just called
LT, which is simply the abbreviation of
Lasten-Transporter (that basically means
heavy load transporter or
cargo transporter). The LT came in three gross vehicle weights, from 2.8 to 3.5
tons (
LT 28,
LT 31,
LT 35), with two
wheelbases, two roof options, and with bodywork options as a
panel van, a compact, a platform vehicle, and a
chassis cab combination. The design featured a high ratio of utility space to footprint due to its forward control design and overall width of . The compact LT panel van (with a little over four and a half metres in length) offered an interior load length of over three metres and a load area of around 5.5 square metres.
Suspension/Axles The LT was equipped with a front axle with
independent front wheel suspension. Later options, such as the heavy
LT 40 to
LT 55, had a
solid front axle to achieve increased load-carrying capacity as is common for light trucks.
Facelifts The first
facelift in 1983 changed mostly the interior, at the same time as the engine cover was changed and the turbo-diesel and inline-6 petrol engines were introduced. A redesigned dashboard was added and various other small things were changed. The undercarriage had an additional third wheelbase as an option for platform-type vehicles, at up to 4.6 metres in length. Two years later,
Volkswagen again increased the gross vehicle weight, with the 5.6 ton
LT 55. It was available with a single-tyre rear axle, allowing for more space between rear wheel wells inside the cargo floor. An LT with
four-wheel drive that could be enabled from within the cab was also available. The next
facelift in 1986 changed the round
headlights to rectangular units, along with other minor cosmetic retouches. In Spring 1993, there was again a modest change in the look, with new grey-plastic elements introduced to the radiator
grille and in the rear lighting section. The diesel engines were replaced with a more modern version of the same block. The DW (N/A diesel) was replaced by the ACT engine and the DV (turbo-diesel) engines were replaced by the intercooled ACL engine. Additionally, the engine cover was replaced with a new version, that had an opening in the front allowing to check the coolant without having to open the entire engine cover.
Campervan versions A touring camper in its various bodywork and fitting options was also produced. The vehicle's width allowed the possibility of beds arranged crosswise. Various
Volkswagen-endorsed
Westfalia campervan models were available for the LT, including the
Sven Hedin, and a later model,
Florida. The LT was also used by
Karmann who produced over 3,000 Karmann LT Distance Wide coachbuilt motorhomes.
Truck cabs The "G Series" light truck was a joint venture between
Volkswagen and
MAN AG, with gross vehicle weights of between six and ten tons. It was built from 1979 until 1993. Volkswagen's Brazilian plant at
Resende has been constructing trucks with weights of between 7 and 35 tons. Even after the launch of the new
Volkswagen Constellation in 2006,
Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles has continued to manufacture vehicles incorporating cabs based on the first generation of the LT, such as the
Worker and
Delivery trucks.
Rebadging In the late eighties, German-built Volkswagen LT and MAN-VW G were sold in Spain as
Pegaso Ekus, while Brazilian-built units were marketed in the US as
Peterbilt Midrangers.
4x4 A 4x4 version of the LT was also produced. Volkswagen had already prepared for this in 1983 with the cab facelift, which incorporated instrumentation lights for the front, centre, and rear differential locks. Sülzer developed a 6-cylinder, primarily diesel-powered, 4x4 version of the long-wheelbase VW LT, of which 156 were built. These were either LT40 or LT45 (rated 4 or 4.5 tonne). Opposed to the normal LT40 & LT45, the 4x4s only had single wheels on the rear axle. The chassis is lifted, 26 mm anti-roll bars are added to cope with body-roll and the axles are replaced. A propshaft driven, rod/shaft controlled transfer box was installed under the vehicle. The transfer box was a New Process 208, which is propshaft-driven and cable-operated. The same transfer box can also be found in
Chevrolet Blazers and
Jeep Cherokees of around the same time. The first six of the Sülzer vehicles are supposed to have had
Dana 70 axles. After that production was changed to use the Italian-built Clark-Hurth axles. All 4x4 LTs came as standard with rear and centre locking differentials, with optional front diff-lock also available (until it became standard fitment in 1991). Due to the change of axles, the 4x4 LTs came with different wheels to the standard LTs. All 4x4 LTs have 6 stud tube type split-rims in 6.5J width. The standard tyre fitment on these wheels is 7.00x16 or 7.50x16. In 1985 VW took over the production of the 4x4 LT and introduced the DW (2.4 inline-6 N/A diesel) and DV (2.4 inline-6 turbo-diesel) engines to the portfolio. They made another 1250 or so 4x4 LTs. The model portfolio covered only long-wheelbase vehicles. Tintop and hightop as LT40, pickup and double-cab as LT40 or LT45. Steyr-Puch in Austria built the
Noriker using VW LT underpinnings in competition with the Sülzer and VW LT 4x4s, but they only were produced in limited numbers. De Vries also built three VW LT 4x4s on the same principle as Sülzer/VW, one of which was used in the Dakar Rally in 1983. Out of 5 million Mk1 VW LTs built, only 1,250 featured four-wheel drive.
Typ codes The Volkswagen "
Typ codes" for the first generation LT were: • '''
Typ 28''' — April 1975 to July 1991 • '''
Typ 21''' — August 1991 to December 1995 • '''
Typ 29''' — 4x4 1984 to 1989 The last first-generation LT was produced in 1996, which corresponds to a British 'P' registration plate. In 21 years, just under 500,000 vehicles were assembled.
Engines The petrol engine was a modified
Audi 100 VW EA831 2.0-litre inline four-cylinder. In 1976
Volkswagen wanted to make a sports coupé and had
Porsche design one for them using parts from the VW/Audi group bin with front engine and rear-wheel drive. They did not go with the design as the rest of the range was switching to front-wheel drive i.e. Golf/Polo/Jetta so VW came up with another design (the Scirocco). Porsche then decided to build it anyway in a collaboration with VW culminating in the Porsche 924 running with an
VW EA831 Audi 2 L engine with
Bosch K-
Jetronic injection which is the same basic engine that was in the 2 L petrol LT at the time albeit with a carburetor and a vastly uprated Porsche designed cylinder head. It was rated at 55 kilowatts (75 PS; 74 bhp) and achieved higher torque at lower engine RPMs. An inline four-cylinder diesel engine by
Perkins was available. The 48 kilowatts (65 PS; 64 bhp) 2.7 L diesel was included in the LT range from 1976 onwards. This engine was produced in part of the former Hanomag-Linden factory in Germany, which at the time was owned by Perkins' parent company, Massey Ferguson. The Perkins engine was replaced in 1978 with a six-cylinder variant of the
Volkswagen Golf diesel. The original 1.6 L four-cylinder engine became the
D24 2.4 L six-cylinder, delivering . This engine was also used in a number of
Volvo passenger cars. In December 1982, an upgrade to the LT was introduced. The six-cylinder diesel was available as a
turbodiesel, the
Volkswagen D24T engine, producing and of torque. In addition, the six-cylinder engine was now also available as a petrol engine. All engines were now mounted with a clear offset alignment that allowed for a flatter engine compartment, which was shifted further to the rear for more space for a third seat in the
cab. In 1992, an overhauled turbo-diesel engine with
charge air cooler and was introduced – the
Volkswagen D24TIC engine. Early DV/ACL engine valves are mechanically shimmed; later versions were hydraulically auto-adjusted. The ACL had bigger injectors and the addition of the intercooler. The main block and bottom end remained identical. The head/valve adjusters/injectors/intake manifold and the turbo had variants plus a different sump for the oil to be pumped to the turbo.
Axles Turbodiesel axles are reinforced, have the transition to the
cardan shaft further ahead, or a shorter shaft. Axles for single tires cannot be installed in vehicles with twin tires and vice versa. LT 1 4x4 axles are completely different and cannot be replaced by other LT axles. A full list of code letter explanations is available on the German VW LT wiki.
Production figures ==2nd generation LT (
Typ 2D)==